schat Dutch · revision 37342

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1151, Old Dutch (Werden)|origins=gem-pro *skattaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /sxɑt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''schat''' ''m'' (plural schatten, diminutive schatje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|scat]], [[inh|odt|skat]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*skatt]], [[inh|gem-pro|*skattaz|alt=*skatta-|t=wealth, property, cattle]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[got|𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃|tr=skatts|t=coin, money]], [[non|skattr|t=tribute, treasure]], [[ang|sceatt|t=property, money]], [[ofs|sket|t=money, cattle]], [[osx|skat]] and [[goh|scaz]] (modern [[de|Schatz]]).^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(De Vries 1971) [[fro|escat|t=treasure]] was borrowed from Old Dutch.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+

+ The first Germanic meaning was probably “cattle”, as cattle were the chief means of payment; the evidence is Old Frisian, which still has that sense, and [[cu|скотъ|tr=skotŭ|t=cattle]], which the Slavic languages took from Germanic.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) For the same shift from cattle to wealth the Philippa dictionary compares [[m|la|pecūnia]] and [[vee]].^(EWN) The further origin is unknown: there are no related words in other languages, and the word may come from an unknown pre-Indo-European language.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004) Kroonen links it with a Westphalian verb meaning “to yield” and a form [[m|ine-pro|*skh₁dʰ-nó-]], and rejects a connection with [[m|la|scateō|t=to gush forth]].^(Kroonen 2013)^(Wiktionary) De Vries lists further proposals (a Germanic [[m|gem-pro|*skwatta-]], a wanderword from the East, the Gaulish people the [[m|grc|Σκόττοι|tr=Skóttoi]]) and finds none convincing.^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''skat'' is first found in the place name ''Scatacer'', “treasure field”, near Oudenaarde (about 1185); a Werden text of about 1151 has Judas sell the Lord for ''einen lutzel scaz'', a small sum of money.^(EWN)^(ONW) In Middle Dutch a Limburg glossary of about 1240 gives ''schat'' for Latin ''pecunia'' and ''scat'' for ''thesaurus''.^(VMNW)^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the word meant money in general, even a small sum (''enen cleinen schat''), as well as a hoard of valuables, a tax and a treasury;^(MNW)^(VMNW)^(De Vries 1971) ''scat ende scult gheven'', to pay taxes and dues, is in a Holland charter of 1297.^(MNW)^(VMNW)^(De Vries 1971) Already in the 13th century it was used of something of spiritual worth and of a beloved person.^(VMNW) The medieval glossaries and Kiliaan no longer record the sense “money in general” and put stored-up valuables first.^(MNW)

+

+ In the 16th and 17th centuries ''schat'' was common in book titles, such as ''Schat der Neder-duytscher spraken'' (1573).^(WNT) Today it is above all a term of endearment, ''mijn schat''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) Dutch gave the word to Negerhollands and Papiamentu, and in Sranan ''skat'' “darling” is used only between women.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1151 – Old Dutch ''scaz'' “sum of money” in a Werden text.^(ONW)

+ * c. 1185 – The place name ''Scatacer'' in East Flanders.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * c. 1190 – Old French ''escat'', borrowed from Old Dutch.^(ONW)

+ * c. 1240 – Middle Dutch ''schat'' “money” and ''scat'' “treasure” in a Limburg glossary.^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1297 – ''Scat ende scult gheven'', to pay taxes and dues.^(VMNW)

+ * 1573 – ''Schat der Neder-duytscher spraken'', a book title.^(WNT)

+ * 1599 – The treasure of Saint-Denis, with the jewels and sceptre of the French kings.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|treasure]]: a collection of valuable objects or precious metals: ''de duikers vonden een schat in het wrak''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # Something or someone very precious to a person.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # A rich store or [[m|en|abundance]] of something: ''een schat aan informatie''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|darling]], dear: a term of endearment: ''kom je eten, schat?''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[schatten]]

+ * [[bodemschat]]

+ * [[bruidsschat]]

+ * [[goudschat]]

+ * [[kunstschat]]

+ * [[schatbewaarder]]

+ * [[schateiland]]

+ * [[schatgraven]]

+ * [[schatkamer]]

+ * [[schatkist]]

+ * [[schatmeester]]

+ * [[schatrijk]]

+ * [[schattebout]]

+ * [[schattepatat]]

+ * [[schattig]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[de|Schatz]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Schatten verdienen'' is to earn a fortune.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}