sol Latin · revision 3734

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *séh₂u-l}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsoːɫ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɔl]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sōl''' ''m'' (genitive sōlis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*saul]], [[inh|ine-pro|*séh₂u-l|t=sun]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The PIE word and the development of the Latin form are disputed.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|ἥλιος|tr=hḗlios|t=sun]] and [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻|tr=sauil|t=sun]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Varro said the name was Sabine, or came from [[solus|alt=sōlus]] “alone”, since the sun alone gives daylight.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in the Laws of the Twelve Tables (c. 450 BC).^(Köbler 2010) Plautus' boasting soldier wants his shield to shine brighter than the sun's rays.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the sun as a heavenly body, the sun marking the time of day, as Cato's ''ante solem occasum'', “before sunset”, and the sun moving through the zodiac and marking the seasons.^(OLD 2012) It meant the sun's warmth or sunlight, as Cato's wheat sown where the sun lies longest, and in poetry a clime, as Horace's “why do we change our land for lands warmed by another sun?”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The sun was a god, Sol, identified with Helios, whose daughter was Circe and whose son was Phaethon.^(OLD 2012) In poetry it meant a day.^(Gaffiot 2016) In alchemy it was gold.^(Wiktionary) English ''solar'' comes from its derivative ''solaris'' (mid-15th century).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the sun's rays.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of sunset and sunlight.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero tells the story of Sol and Phaethon.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''solar'' comes from its derivative.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|sun]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The sun as marking the time of day (sunrise, sunset).^(OLD 2012)

+ # The sun's warmth, [[m|en|sunlight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A clime, region; a day.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''Sol'': the sun god.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(alchemy)'' Gold.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sōlāgō]]

+ * [[sōlānus]]

+ * [[sōlāris]]

+ * [[sōlārium]]

+ * [[sōlārius]]

+ * [[sōlātus]]

+ * [[sōlifer]]

+ * [[sōlifuga]]

+ * [[Sōligena]]

+ * [[sōlstitium]]

+ * [[*sōliculum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|solar]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}