dagen Dutch · revision 37339

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited, derivation|attested=c. 1240, Middle Dutch (Limburg)|origins=gem-pro *dagaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈdaːɣə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dagen'''^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|dāghen]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*dagēn]], [[inh|gem-pro|*dagāną|t=to dawn]], a verb made from [[gem-pro|*dagaz|t=day]], the source of [[dag]].^(Wiktionary)^(De Vries 1971)^(EWN) In the sense “to become day” the verb is found across North and West Germanic: [[gml|dāgen]], [[goh|tagēn]] (modern [[de|tagen]]), [[ang|dagian]] and [[non|daga]].^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)

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+ The legal sense “to summon” is a Middle Dutch derivative of the noun in the sense “court day, fixed term”, so that it first meant to call someone to appear on the day of the session; [[gmh|tagen]] had the same use.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004) The Philippa dictionary gives the legal verb and the verb “to dawn” numbered entries of their own, both formed from the noun.^(EWN)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Both senses are first found in a Limburg glossary of about 1240, where ''dagen'' translates Latin ''diescere'' “to dawn” and ''citare'' “to summon”.^(VMNW)^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) A Brabant text of 1260 says that the night had passed ''ende het begonste dagen'', and day began to break.^(VMNW) In a Middelburg charter of 1254 one who is summoned (''ghedaghd'') and does not come is to be banished.^(VMNW)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch also used the verb for inviting (God invites his chosen maiden to his feast, 1265), for God appearing to help someone, and for staying or lingering.^(VMNW)^(MNW) From the 17th century the impersonal ''het daagt'' is “day breaks”, and ''het zal er anders dagen'' threatened that a very different day would dawn (1617).^(WNT) Poets used ''dagen'' of things rising above the horizon (1820), and figuratively of an idea that dawns on someone.^(WNT)^(Wiktionary)

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+ In law ''dagen'' means to summon before a court, and the person summoned is the ''gedaagde''.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) ''Iemand in tweegevecht dagen'' for challenging someone to a duel was condemned as a gallicism in 1899.^(De Vreese 1899) Sranan took ''dagi'' “to challenge”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1240 – ''Dagen'' “to dawn” and “to summon” in a Limburg glossary.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+ * 1254 – ''Ghedaghd'' “summoned” before a court in Middelburg.^(VMNW)

+ * 1260 – ''Het begonste dagen'', day began to break.^(VMNW)

+ * 1522 – ''Te daghene'', to summon to a court day.^(WNT)

+ * 1617 – ''Hoe selt hier daghen?'', a threat of a bad day to come.^(WNT)

+ * 1664 – ''Dagen'' “to challenge to a fight”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|dawn]], to become day: ''het daagde al toen we vertrokken''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To begin to become clear to someone: ''langzaam begon het hem te dagen''.^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(transitive, law)'' To [[m|en|summon]] before a court, to [[dagvaarden]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To call out, to challenge to a fight.^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[indagen]]

+ * [[verdagen]]

+ * [[daging]]

+ * [[gedaagde]]

+ * [[ontdagen]]

+ * [[opdagen]]

+ * [[uitdagen]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dag]]

+ * [[dagvaarden]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Belgium ''dagen'' was used in 1925 of a congress being held, after German ''tagen''; this use was criticised as a germanism.^(Moortgat 1925)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}