betalen Dutch · revision 37326

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1265–1270, Middle Dutch (Brabant)|origins=dum talen}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /bəˈtaːlə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''betalen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|betalen]], formed with the prefix [[be-]] from the Middle Dutch verb [[m|dum|talen|t=to speak, tell; to claim at law; also to pay]], now [[talen]].^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Wiktionary) That verb was made from the nouns that are now [[taal]] “language” and [[tal]] “number”.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|69) The WNT takes the verb to have meant at first “to count out (to someone)”.^(WNT)

+

+ The same prefixed verb is [[gmh|bezaln|t=to count up, reckon]], modern German [[m|de|bezahlen]], and [[ofs|bitalia|t=to pay]].^(EWN) The simple verb is [[osx|talon|t=to reckon]], [[goh|zalōn|t=to count, reckon, pay]], [[ang|talian|t=to reckon, tell]] and [[non|tala|t=to speak]], from [[gem-pro|*talōną]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is in the Brabant Life of Lutgart of 1265–70.^(EWN)^(VMNW) A Ghent guild ordinance of 1270 already uses it in the modern way: guests at the feast ''moeten betalen ghelijc den broeders'', “must pay the same as the brothers”.^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the first records ''betalen'' meant to pay a debt, rent or price, with the money or the creditor as object.^(VMNW) In wider use it meant to requite, reward or atone for something: a text of 1276–1300 has the participle ''betaelt'' “repaid”.^(EWN)^(VMNW) Medieval soldiers used ''enen betalen'' ironically for “to receive someone with blows”, and ''der doot sine scout betalen'', “to pay one's debt to death”, meant to die, like the later ''de laatste tol der natuur betalen'' (1806).^(MNW)^(WNT)

+

+ ''Het gelag betalen'' was first to pay the bill at an inn, for oneself and one's companions, and so came to mean to take the punishment for others.^(Stoett 1923)^(WNT) ''Leergeld betalen'', “to learn by bitter experience”, is recorded from 1865.^(WNT) Intransitively a job or an activity ''betaalt'' when it brings in money.^(Van Dale 2014)

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+ The verb was borrowed by the Scandinavian languages, Danish [[m|da|betale]] and Swedish [[m|sv|betala]] (from Dutch or Low German), by English as the obsolete ''betall'', and through Afrikaans [[m|af|betaal]] by Xhosa and Zulu;^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Negerhollands has ''betaal''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1265–1270 – First recorded, in the Life of Lutgart.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1270 – A Ghent guild ordinance says that guests must pay like the brothers.^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1276–1300 – The participle ''betaelt'' “repaid, requited”.^(EWN)

+ * 1301 – Ironic ''enen betalen'' “to give someone a beating” in a Flemish romance.^(MNW)

+ * 1806 – ''De laatste tol betalen'', a euphemism for dying.^(WNT)

+ * 1865 – ''Leergeld betalen'' “to learn the hard way”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive, also absolute)'' to [[m|en|pay]] an amount owed: ''Ik heb de huur nog niet betaald.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' to pay for goods or services: ''Hoeveel heb je voor die fiets betaald?''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+ # ''(transitive)'' to pay for, suffer the consequences of: ''Hij heeft zijn roekeloosheid duur betaald.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive, of a job or activity)'' to bring in money: ''Dat werk betaalt slecht.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aanbetalen]]

+ * [[afbetalen]]

+ * [[betaalbaar]]

+ * [[betaalkaart]]

+ * [[betaalmeester]]

+ * [[betaalmiddel]]

+ * [[betaling]]

+ * [[onderbetaald]]

+ * [[terugbetalen]]

+ * [[uitbetalen]]

+ * [[betaler]]

+ * [[bijbetalen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[talen]]

+ * [[taal]]

+ * [[tal]]

+ * [[tellen]]

+ * [[de|bezahlen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Wie betaalt, bepaalt'', “who pays decides”, and the shop slogan ''twee halen, één betalen'' are common set phrases.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Iemand iets betaald zetten'' means to take revenge on someone for something.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}