geloof Dutch · revision 37321

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Old Dutch (Egmond Williram)|origins=gem-pro *galaubô}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɣəˈloːf/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''geloof''' ''n'' (plural geloven, diminutive geloofje n)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older form ''gelove'' (also ''geloove'') was used especially in the States Bible and survives in poetry.^(WNT)^(Wiktionary) The plural ''geloven'' and the diminutive ''geloofje'' are used only in the concrete sense “a religion, a creed”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|gelôve]], [[inh|odt|gilōvo|t=faith]], [[inh|gem-pro|*galaubô|t=belief]].^(Wiktionary)^(ONW)^(EWN) The EWN and the ONW treat it as a noun formed from the verb [[geloven]].^(EWN)^(ONW) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal thinks that both are too old for anyone to say which came first.^(WNT)

+

+ The same noun is [[osx|gilōƀo]], [[goh|gilaubo]] (modern [[de|Glaube]]), [[ofs|lāva]] and [[ang|ġelēafa]], all “belief, trust”; [[got|𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃|tr=galaubeins]] has another suffix.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT) The noun was masculine in the older languages;^(WNT)^(MNW) Middle Dutch made it mostly neuter, sometimes feminine.^(WNT)^(MNW) The short form ⟨geloof⟩ is already common in Middle Dutch rhymes and is too old to be a simple loss of the final ⟨-e⟩ of ⟨gelove⟩.^(WNT)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The noun is first recorded in the Egmond Williram of about 1100, which speaks of heathendom ''thes heyligan gelouan'' “of the holy faith”.^(ONW)^(EWN) In Middle Dutch it means “credulity” in a Limburg glossary of 1240, where it renders Latin ''credulitas'', and “faith in God” in the life of Lutgard of 1265–1270.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch ''gelove'' meant trust in general, both the trust one places in someone and the trust one enjoys, hence credit and authority: ''groet van gheloeve'' was said of a man much trusted.^(MNW)^(VMNW) The religious sense, faith in God, follows Latin ''fides''.^(Van der Sijs 2005) The Rijmbijbel of 1285 uses it for plain trust: ''dies ne adde niemen gheloef'', “therefore nobody trusted it”.^(EWN)

+

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal starts from trust in the truth of another's words, as in ''iemand geloof geven'' (1612), and phrases such as ''zijn ogen geloof geven'' (1635), now obsolete.^(WNT) From the faith itself the word passed to a religion or creed, the only sense with a plural.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) The triad ''geloof, hoop en liefde'' comes from 1 Corinthians 13:13.^(ANW)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ The noun lives on in Afrikaans [[m|af|geloof]], and it was borrowed into Negerhollands and Frisian.^(Wiktionary)^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – The Egmond Williram has ''gelouan'' “faith”.^(ONW)^(EWN)

+ * 1240 – Middle Dutch ''geloue'' renders Latin ''credulitas''.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+ * 1265–1270 – ''Groet geloeue ontfinc si'', “she received great faith”, in the life of Lutgard.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1599 – Kiliaan gives ''gheloof'' and ''ghelooue'' “trust”.^(EWN)

+ * 1612 – ''Iemand geloof geven'', to believe what someone says.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|belief]], trust in the truth of something: ''Ik hecht weinig geloof aan die geruchten.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Religious [[m|en|faith]], firm belief in a god and his commandments.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[godsdienst|alt=religion]], a creed: ''Ze zijn van een ander geloof.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bijgeloof]]

+ * [[ongeloof]]

+ * [[goedgelovig]]

+ * [[kleingelovig]]

+ * [[geloofwaardig]]

+ * [[geloofsbelijdenis]]

+ * [[geloofsgenoot]]

+ * [[geloofsovertuiging]]

+ * [[geloofsvrijheid]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[geloven]]

+ * [[gelovig]]

+ * [[lof]]

+ * [[de|Glaube]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Twee geloven op één kussen, daar slaapt de duivel tussen'' expresses doubt about a marriage between people of different religions.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) ''Van zijn geloof vallen'' means to give up principles one held before.^(Van Dale 2014) Stoett explains ''een goed geloof en een kurken ziel, dan kun je drijven'', said in reply to something hard to believe; in Harrebomée it meant that with confidence and a light heart one gets over everything.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}