heen Dutch · revision 37318

+ {{homograph|1|away}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1220–1240, Middle Dutch (Aiol, as hinne)|origins=gem-pro *hinana-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɦeːn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''heen'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The fuller form ''henen'' was usual in Middle Dutch and is now archaic.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adverb is [[inh|dum|henen|t=away from here]], [[inh|gem-pro|*hinana-|t=away from here]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) It is formed from the pronominal stem [[gem-pro|*hi-|t=this, here]] of [[hier]], with a suffix of direction ⟨-ana⟩ as in [[beneden]] and [[boven]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(WNT) The same stem is in [[hij]] and [[huiden]].^(WNT)

+

+ Middle Dutch had both [[m|dum|hene]], like [[goh|hina]] (modern [[de|hin]]), and [[m|dum|henen]], like [[osx|hinana]] and [[ang|heonan]], whose descendant [[en|hence]] added an adverbial ⟨-s⟩.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT)^(EWN) [[vandaan|alt=Vandaan]] has the same formation.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''hinne'' “away from here” is first recorded in Aiol, 1220–1240: the children would ''van hinne nimmer wiederkeren'', never come back from there.^(EWN)^(VMNW) The usual form ''henen'' renders Latin ''hinc'' in the Limburg glossary of 1240.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the adverb went with verbs of motion such as ''gaen'', ''riden'' and ''varen'', and ''henen varen'' or ''henen gaen'' could mean “to die” (1265).^(VMNW) It was also joined to ''daer'' and ''waer'', as in ''waer wildi henen riden'', “where do you want to ride to?” (1260–1270).^(EWN) The short form ''heen'' became common only after the Middle Dutch period.^(EWN) By analogy with ''daarheen'' the later ''hierheen'' was formed, recorded in the States Bible (1637).^(EWN)

+

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal notes that the adverb is rather rare on its own but very common in compounds, and that from “away from here” came “gone, far off” and “onward”.^(WNT) ''Heen en weer'' “to and fro” is recorded in 1640.^(WNT) Uses like ''heenstorten'' “to fall down” match a sense that is very common in German ''hin'', and Moortgat lists ''heengeven'' and ''heenwijzen'' as germanisms, while defending the older ''heenvaart''.^(WNT)^(Moortgat 1925)

+

+ The adverb was borrowed from Dutch or Low German into Danish and Norwegian as ''hen'' and into Swedish as ''hän'', and into Negerhollands.^(Van der Sijs 2010) Afrikaans has [[m|af|heen]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1220–1240 – ''Hinne'' “away from here” in Aiol.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1240 – ''Henen'' glosses Latin ''hinc''.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+ * 1265 – ''Henen gaen'' is used for “to die”.^(VMNW)

+ * 1287 – The adverb in the sense “away” is recorded in Der naturen bloeme.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1573 – A dictionary gives ''hen, henen'' in ''Gaet henen'', “go away”.^(WNT)

+ * 1637 – ''Hier henen'' “hither” in the States Bible.^(EWN)

+ * 1640 – ''Heen en weer'' “to and fro”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|away]], towards a distant point: ''Waar ga je heen?''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # On the way out, on the outward journey: ''Heen gingen we met de trein, terug met de bus.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # In the direction named: ''Ze reden naar het strand heen.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # Strengthening a preposition or adverb of direction: ''Hij keek over de muur heen.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(slang)'' Gone, beyond the bounds of the normal.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[heengaan]]

+ * [[heenweg]]

+ * [[heenreis]]

+ * [[doorheen]]

+ * [[omheen]]

+ * [[overheen]]

+ * [[voorheen]]

+ * [[henen]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|sea clubrush}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=838, Old Dutch (in the place name Heembeke)|origins=gem-pro *hainō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɦeːn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''heen''' ''n'' (uncountable, no diminutive)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also called ''heent''.^(WNT)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The plant name is [[inh|odt|hēn|t=sea clubrush]], known in Old Dutch only from place names.^(ONW) Wiktionary takes it further back: it is [[inh|gem-pro|*hainō|t=whetstone]], like [[nds|heenk]] and [[non|hein]].^(Wiktionary) De Vries suggests that the sharp points of the leaves gave the name and links it with that word and [[ang|hān]] (modern [[en|hone]]), all “whetstone”, and with [[grc|κῶνος|tr=kônos|t=cone, point]] and [[la|cōs|t=whetstone]], from [[ine-pro|*ḱō(i)-|t=to sharpen]].^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|159)^(Kroonen 2013) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal reports that Boekenoogen linked it with North Holland ⟨hanebollen⟩ but prefers the comparison with Low German ⟨hân(e)⟩ and ⟨heenk⟩, names of similar waterside plants.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The name is first found in the place name ''Heembeke'' (Hembeke near Oudenaarde) in 838.^(ONW) As a common noun it appears in a placard of 1562 that lists rushes, reed and ''heen'' among the growth of the river forelands.^(WNT)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|159)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal describes ''heen'' as a name, recorded especially for South Holland, for the sea clubrush, a rush that grows on land that dries at low tide and serves as fodder, also called ''zeebies'' and in Groningen ''heenwortel''.^(WNT) De Vries gives the sense “tufted sedge”, especially in Waterland.^(De Vries 1971) Today it is the Dutch name of the sea clubrush, common along the coast, in polders and by rivers in Flanders and the Netherlands.^(WikiWoordenboek)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 838 – The place name ''Heembeke'' contains the plant name.^(ONW)

+ * 1562 – ''Heen'' is listed in a placard among rushes and reed.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|sea clubrush]] (''Bolboschoenus maritimus''), a [[bies|alt=rush]] of coasts and riverbanks.^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)^(WNT)

+ # ''(regional)'' [[m|en|sedge|alt=Tufted sedge]] (''Carex stricta'').^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[heenwortel]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hier]]

+ * [[hij]]

+ * [[vandaan]]

+ * [[en|hence]]

+ * [[de|hin]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Ver heen zijn'' means to be very weak in body or mind, or blind drunk.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Door het dolle heen zijn'' is to be wild with joy.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Heden'' “today” was sometimes contracted to ''heen'', as in ''op den dach van heen'' (1548).^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}