familie Dutch · revision 37317

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1291, Middle Dutch (Brabant)|origins=la famulus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /faːˈmi.li/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''familie''' ''f'' (plural families, no diminutive)^(Wiktionary)

+ The less refined forms ''famielje'' and ''famille'' follow French pronunciation.^(Van Haeringen 1936)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|125)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|familie]], [[bor|la|familia|t=household, including the slaves]], formed from [[m|la|famulus|t=servant]], whose further origin is unknown.^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(VMNW) The Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek and De Vries see [[fr|famille]] as the intermediary, and Franck and Van Wijk leave open whether it came straight from Latin or through French.^(MNW)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Van Haeringen points to lasting contact with the French word, seen in the forms ⟨famielje⟩ and ⟨famille⟩.^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record, from Brabant in 1291, uses ''familie'' for the servants of a household: in a Gospel passage the faithful steward is set over his master's ''familie''.^(VMNW)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Among the Romans the word took in all the members of a household together with its slaves, and medieval Latin used it in the same way.^(EWN) Middle Dutch ''familie'' meant the household with its staff or a lord's retinue, as in a text of 1350–1384 about men armed ''met menechten van haren familien'', and also a household as a unit (1390–1410); this sense was obsolete by the 16th century.^(EWN)^(MNW) In 1389 a text from Uccle already uses it for relatives.^(EWN)

+

+ Only after the Middle Ages did French restrict the word to the members of the family, and Dutch followed; from there the sense widened again to all blood relatives.^(EWN) Van der Sijs links the sense “nuclear family” with English ''family''.^(Van der Sijs 2005) The sense “household, family” is dated 1566–1568, when a man is to come and live in a town ''met zijn huijsvrauwe ende familie''.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(WNT) ''De Heilige Familie'' is the Christ child with Mary and Joseph, especially as a painted subject.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) In biology a family is a group of genera within an order.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ The word was taken into Indonesian as ''famili'' or ''pamili'', into several Malay varieties, Javanese, Sranan Tongo (''famiri''), Saramaccan, Negerhollands and Berbice Dutch.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Afrikaans has [[m|af|familie]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1291 – ''Familie'' “servants” in a Brabant Gospel text.^(VMNW)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+ * 1350–1384 – ''Familie'' “retinue”.^(EWN)

+ * 1389 – ''Familie'' “relatives” in a text from Uccle.^(EWN)

+ * 1553 – ''Familie'' “household; lineage”.^(EWN)

+ * 1566–1568 – ''Familie'' “wife and children”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(WNT)

+ * 1765 – The form ''Famielie''.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|family]], [[gezin|alt=household]]: parents and their children.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|relatives]], all the people related to someone by blood: ''Op de bruiloft was de hele familie.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(biology)'' A family, a [[taxon]] made up of one or more genera within an order.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[familielid]]

+ * [[familienaam]]

+ * [[familiebedrijf]]

+ * [[familieband]]

+ * [[familiefeest]]

+ * [[familiegeheim]]

+ * [[familieleven]]

+ * [[schoonfamilie]]

+ * [[onderfamilie]]

+ * [[superfamilie]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gezin]]

+ * [[en|family]]

+ * [[fr|famille]]

+ * [[de|Familie]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Dat komt in de beste families voor'' is said to console someone over a mistake or a failing, and ''van goede familie zijn'' means to be of good birth.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}