gelijk Dutch · revision 37315

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *galīkaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɣəˈlɛi̯k/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gelijk''' (comparative gelijker, superlative gelijkst)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|gelijc]], [[inh|odt|gilīk]], [[inh|gem-pro|*galīkaz|t=alike]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(ONW) The Germanic adjective was formed with the prefix [[m|gem-pro|*ga-]], Dutch [[ge-]], from the noun [[m|gem-pro|*līką|alt=*līka-|t=shape, body]], the source of [[lijk]], so that it first meant “having the same shape”.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)^(WNT)

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+ The same adjective is [[osx|gilīk]], [[goh|gilīh]] (modern [[de|gleich]]), [[ofs|līk]] (modern [[fy|gelyk]]), [[ang|ġelīc]] (modern [[en|like]]), [[non|glíkr]] and [[got|𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃|tr=galeiks]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The Philippa dictionary compares [[lt|lýgus|t=of the same kind]] and [[lv|līgt|t=to agree]].^(EWN)

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+ The conjunction “as, like” grew partly out of the adverb and partly out of the adjective with a dative, as in Middle Dutch ⟨die vroetscap is ghelijc den scatte⟩ “wisdom is like the treasure”: once the case endings were lost, the word could be read as a conjunction.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971) The neuter noun “right, justice” is the adjective used as a noun in its sense “fair, equitable”.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT) Wiktionary traces the adverb to [[m|gmw-pro|*galīkō]] and the noun to [[m|gmw-pro|*galīkī]], both formed from the adjective.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century ask ''Got, uuie ist gelic thi?'', “God, who is like you?”.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) About 1100 the Egmond Williram has ''min wino is gelich thero reion'', “my beloved is like the roe”.^(EWN)^(ONW) The earliest Middle Dutch record is from Limburg, about 1200.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the adjective meant “alike, the same” and “equal in rank”, and also “calm, even” (1461) and “fair, just” (about 1390): ''dits niet ghelijc'', “this is not fair”.^(MNW)^(WNT) From this last sense came the noun: a Flemish charter of 1360 speaks of ''recht of ghelijc'', “right or justice”, and Kiliaan in 1599 still glosses ''ghelijck'' as Latin ''aequum, aequitas''.^(WNT) A Middle Dutch feminine noun ''gelike'' “likeness” fell together with it.^(WNT)^(VMNW) The modern phrases ''gelijk hebben'' “to be right” and ''iemand gelijk geven'' “to admit someone is right” grew out of this sense, and its old force survives in the opposite [[ongelijk]].^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014)

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+ Middle Dutch ''te geliken'' “in the same way” became ''tegelijk'' “at the same time”, and the adverb alone now means both “at the same time” and, colloquially, “at once”.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) The conjunction “as, like” is archaic in the Netherlands but still informal in Belgium.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) The proverb ''gelijke monniken, gelijke kappen'', “people of one sort have the same habits”, is recorded in Harrebomée's collection of 1858.^(WNT)

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+ Dutch passed the adjective to Afrikaans ''gelyk'', Negerhollands ''gliek'' and Berbice Dutch ''gliki''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Through French it gave the English card game ''gleek'', played with three cards of a kind.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''gelic'' “like” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Gelich'' “like” in the Egmond Williram.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * c. 1200 – The first Middle Dutch record, from Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * 1360 – The noun in the sense “justice” in a Flemish charter.^(WNT)

+ * 1599 – Kiliaan glosses ''ghelijck'' as “equitable, equity”.^(WNT)

+ * 1858 – The proverb ''gelijke monniken, gelijke kappen'' in Harrebomée.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Wholly alike, the [[m|en|same]]: ''de tweeling droeg gelijke jassen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(ANW)

+ # [[m|en|equal]] in rank, power, level or value: ''beide ploegen staan gelijk''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a clock: showing the right time: ''de kerkklok loopt weer gelijk''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # [[m|en|level]], even: ''een gelijk pad''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # At the same time: ''de twee lopers kwamen gelijk over de streep''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # (colloquial) [[m|en|immediately]], at once: ''ik bel je gelijk terug''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # (archaic, Belgium, informal) As, like: ''gelijk ik al zei''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|right]], the fact of being correct: ''gelijk hebben'', ''iemand gelijk geven''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iegelijk]]

+ * [[tegelijk]]

+ * [[tegelijkertijd]]

+ * [[desgelijks]]

+ * [[insgelijks]]

+ * [[gelijken]]

+ * [[gelijkenis]]

+ * [[dergelijk]]

+ * [[gelijkheid]]

+ * [[gelijkluidend]]

+ * [[gelijkmatig]]

+ * [[gelijknamig]]

+ * [[gelijkspel]]

+ * [[gelijkstellen]]

+ * [[gelijkstemmen]]

+ * [[ongelijk]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lijk]]

+ * [[lijken]]

+ * [[en|like]]

+ * [[de|gleich]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Gelijk oversteken'' is said when two people exchange something, to make sure neither gives without receiving.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Van 's gelijken'' “the same to you” answers a greeting or a wish; it is recorded from 1663 as ''van gelijcken''.^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}