stop Dutch · revision 37313

+ {{homograph|1|plug, fuse}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=1351, Middle Dutch}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /stɔp/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stop''' ''m'' (plural stoppen, diminutive stopje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The plug is [[inh|dum|stoppe]], recorded from the 14th century, and the Philippa dictionary and the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal treat it as the noun of the verb [[stoppen]] “to stop up”.^(EWN)^(WNT)^(Wiktionary) Franck and Van Wijk take it as a derivative of the verb as well, shared with German and Frisian.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) De Vries thinks it probably goes back to [[la|stuppa|t=tow]], the wads of tow that closed bungholes and the necks of bottles, with the word later formed anew from the verb in compounds such as [[m|nl|contactstop]].^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) The noun is also found in Middle Low German, as [[m|gml|stoppe]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In 1351 Middle Dutch ''stoppe'' is a wad of flax or hemp: a lamp wick is made ''van stoppen, dat men ooc heet werc'', “of tow, which is also called oakum”.^(EWN) In 1368 a Deventer record names a man who had the town's wine bottles altered ''an die halse ende an die stoppe'', “at the neck and at the stopper”.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Between 1453 and 1497 a cloth ordinance uses ''stop'' for a darned patch in cloth.^(EWN)^(MNW) In modern Dutch the stopper is usually part of the vessel rather than a cork, though in the south a cork is also called a ''stop''.^(WNT) When electricity came, the word was used for the end piece of a lead and then for the fuse that melts when the current is too high.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1351 – Middle Dutch ''stoppe'' “wad of tow”.^(EWN)

+ * 1368 – “Stopper” of a bottle, in Deventer.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1453–97 – “Darned place” in cloth.^(EWN)

+ * 1646 – A stopper closing a bamboo vessel.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|stopper]], plug that closes an opening: ''de stop van de gootsteen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An electric [[m|en|fuse]]: ''er is een stop doorgeslagen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A darned place in a fabric.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # The dip between forehead and nose of some dogs.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stopfles]]

+ * [[smeltstop]]

+ * [[stoppenkast]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|halt, pause}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1950|origins=en stop}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /stɔp/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stop''' ''m''^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The halt is [[bor|en|stop]], the noun of the English verb.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2005) De Vries and De Tollenaere take it as the verbal noun of the Dutch [[stoppen]] in its sense “to halt”, as in [[stopzetten]] “to bring to a halt”.^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004) The English verb is the same word as the Dutch one.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Philippa dictionary first finds the word in a compound, the announcement of a ''prijsstop'' “price freeze” in 1950, and alone in a 1974 headline, ''Giscard belooft stop op kernproeven'', “Giscard promises a stop to nuclear tests”.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Van Dale recorded the senses “pause, rest” and “the stopping” in 1961.^(EWN) Today the noun is also used of a decision to allow no further growth, and as an interjection that orders someone to halt or to stop doing something.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek) As a call to halt the word went into Russian and Indonesian ''setop''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1950 – ''Prijsstop'' “price freeze”.^(EWN)

+ * 1961 – “Pause, rest” and “the stopping” in Van Dale.^(EWN)

+ * 1974 – The noun used alone of a halt to nuclear tests.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A short [[m|en|break]] or halt: ''na twee uur rijden maakten we een stop''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # A decision to allow no further growth or increase: ''een stop op nieuwe vergunningen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # [[m|en|halt]]!, no further!^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Enough!, stop it!^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prijsstop]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stoppen]]

+ * [[en|stop]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Alle stoppen slaan bij hem door'', “all his fuses blow”, is said of someone who loses control of himself.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Een sanitaire stop'' is a break to go to the toilet.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}