politie Dutch · revision 37312

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1477, Teuthonista|origins=grc πόλις}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /poː.ˈli.(t)si/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Colloquial: /pə.ˈli.(t)si/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''politie''' ''f'' (uncountable, no diminutive)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|policie]], [[bor|frm|policie]], an old variant of [[fr|police]], with the modern sense taken again from French at the end of the 18th century.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(Van der Sijs 2005) The French word is a learned loan of [[la-lat|polītīa|t=established order, government]], from [[grc|πολιτεία|tr=politeía|t=government, the state; citizenship]], formed from [[grc|πολίτης|tr=polítēs|t=citizen]], from [[grc|πόλις|tr=pólis|t=city]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries 1971) The word [[politiek]] has the same Greek source.^(EWN)

+

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal notes forms with stress on the last syllable, ⟨policij(e)⟩, that match the French, while the spelling with ⟨t⟩ follows Medieval Latin.^(WNT) Franck and Van Wijk thought the word was probably taken from Latin.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''policie, policy'' first appears in the Teuthonista of 1477 in the sense “town government”, and in 1487 for the town's regulations.^(EWN)^(WikiWoordenboek)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ For three centuries the word meant government, policy and good order.^(EWN)^(WNT) In 1563 it is “regulation” (''goede reghele, ordene ende pollicie''), in 1580 the order of the state, in 1651 “supervision”, and in 1763 still “policy”.^(EWN)^(WNT) At the end of the 18th century, under French influence, the meaning shifted to the government body that enforces the law and public order: ''Luitenant Generaal van Politie'' in 1766, ''Justitie en Politie'' in 1772 and the plain modern sense from 1798.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries 1971) The 19th century added the national police (1851) and the municipal police (1856), and the 20th the military police (1922).^(EWN)

+

+ Informally ''politie'' is also a single police officer, and the pronunciation /pə'li(t)si/ is colloquial.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) Dutch gave the word to many languages of Indonesia (Indonesian ''polisi'', Javanese ''pulisi'') and to West Frisian ''plysje''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1477 – Middle Dutch ''policie'' “town government” in the Teuthonista.^(EWN)

+ * 1487 – “Town regulations”.^(EWN)^(MNW)

+ * 1580 – “The order of the state”.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+ * 1766 – ''Luitenant Generaal van Politie'', a law-enforcing body.^(EWN)

+ * 1798 – The modern sense “police force”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+ * 1851 – ''Rijkspolitie'' “national police”.^(EWN)

+ * 1922 – ''Militaire politie'' “military police”.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|police]], the public service that keeps order and tracks down lawbreakers: ''de politie zocht de hele nacht naar de vermiste wandelaar''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # (informal) A police officer: ''er stond een politie bij de ingang''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # (obsolete) [[m|en|policy]], government.^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bospolitie]]

+ * [[gemeentepolitie]]

+ * [[havenpolitie]]

+ * [[milieupolitie]]

+ * [[oproerpolitie]]

+ * [[politie-eenheid]]

+ * [[politieagent]]

+ * [[politieauto]]

+ * [[politiebond]]

+ * [[politiebureau]]

+ * [[politiechef]]

+ * [[politiehond]]

+ * [[politiekapitein]]

+ * [[politioneel]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[politiek]]

+ * [[en|police]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Een bekende van de politie'' is someone who has had dealings with the police before.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Politie'' is also the name of a children's chasing game in which one side plays the police.^(ANW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}