wachten Dutch · revision 37311

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1236, Middle Dutch (Ghent)|origins=gem-pro *wahtō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʋɑxtə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''wachten'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|wachten]], [[inh|odt|*wahton]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*wahtwēn]], a verb formed from the noun [[wacht]] “watch, guard”.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The Old Dutch verb is inferred from the noun ⟨wahteri⟩ “watchman” in the Egmond Williram of about 1100.^(EWN) The same verb is [[gml|wachten]], [[goh|wahtēn|t=to keep watch]] and [[ofs|wachtia|t=to vouch for]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) [[non|vakta|t=to guard, heed]] was borrowed from Low German.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ The noun is [[osx|wahta]] and [[goh|wahta]], from [[gem-pro|*wahtō]], beside [[got|𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉|tr=wahtwo]] from [[m|gem-pro|*wahtwō]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) It is formed from the root of [[waken]] “to be awake”, with Germanic *-kt- becoming *-ht-.^(EWN) The Frankish form of the noun gave [[fro|guaite|t=watchman]], and the verb that became modern [[m|fr|guetter|t=to watch for]].^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first Middle Dutch record is from Ghent in 1236, in the sense “to take care”: ''mar wachten hem wel dat dit niet te dicke ne geschie'', “but let them take care that this does not happen too often”.^(EWN)^(VMNW) In a Limburg glossary of 1240 ''wagten'' translates Latin ''observare'', and in 1285 shepherds ''hadden haer scape ghewacht'', “had kept watch over their sheep”.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used the verb for guarding, watching, tending and taking care, and for waiting: ''xviii daghe waest ghewacht'', “eighteen days were waited”, in 1285.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(De Vries 1971) The senses of watching have died out in the standard language, though tending sheep and sitting up with the sick are still Flemish.^(WNT) The old meaning lives on in [[wachter]] “guard” and in the warning ''wacht u voor de hond'', “beware of the dog”, while “to stay until something happens” became the main sense.^(EWN) German [[m|de|warten]] “to wait” went the same way from “to keep watch”.^(EWN)

+

+ Dutch or Low German gave Swedish ''vakta'' and Norwegian ''vakte'' “to guard”, and Dutch gave Sranan ''wakti'', Berbice Dutch ''wakti'' and Negerhollands ''wacht'' “to wait”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – Old Dutch ''wahteri'' “watchmen”, implying the verb.^(EWN)

+ * 1236 – Middle Dutch ''wachten'' “to take care”, in Ghent.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1240 – ''Wagten'' “to guard, observe” in a Limburg glossary.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1285 – “To tend sheep” and “to wait”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1530 – ''Schapen te wachtene'' “to tend sheep”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|wait]], stay in the same place or situation until someone comes or something happens, usually with ''op'' “for”: ''we wachten al een uur op de trein''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # Of things: to be in store for someone: ''thuis wachtte haar een groot feest''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # (reflexive, ''zich wachten voor'') To beware of, guard against.^(WikiWoordenboek)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[wachter]]

+ * [[afwachten]]

+ * [[wachtkamer]]

+ * [[wachttijd]]

+ * [[wachtzaal]]

+ * [[wachtlijst]]

+ * [[wachtperiode]]

+ * [[wachtverbod]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[wacht]]

+ * [[waken]]

+ * [[wakker]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Wacht even!'' asks someone not to start yet, or expresses scornful surprise.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Dat kan wel wachten'' says that something is not urgent.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}