pakken Dutch · revision 37308

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1295, Middle Dutch (in the compound pacgaren)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈpɑkə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pakken'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|packen]], formed [[af|nl|pak|-en]]: a verb made from the noun [[pak]] “pack, bundle”, so that it first meant “to pack, to load”.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|278)^(Wiktionary) The sense “to take hold of, grab” grew out of it only in the 16th century;^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|278) Middle Dutch did not have it yet.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|278)

+

+ The same verb is [[gml|packen]], also ⟨pāken⟩, which passed into [[de|packen]] in the 16th century, and [[sv|packa]] belongs with it; [[fy|pakke|t=to take, grip]] is a close relative.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Wiktionary) In the sense “to grab” the word is used all over the Dutch language area, though eastern dialects also have [[vatten]] and [[krijgen]] for it.^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb first shows up inside a compound: ''pacgaren'' “packing twine” is part of a byname in ''pieter pacgarnes huus'', “the house of Pieter Packing-twine”, recorded in 1295.^(EWN)^(VMNW) The verb itself appears in a text of 1443–1451 about the men who used to load goods for Bruges.^(EWN)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the verb meant “to pack, to put up in bales” and “to load”, and the reflexive ''hem packen'' meant “to take oneself off”;^(MNW) Kiliaan glosses ''pact u van hier'' with Latin ''apage'' “be gone”.^(MNW) From the start of the 16th century it also meant “to take in hand”, as in ''laets die hem packen'' “let him take some (of the food)” in 1512.^(EWN) In West Flanders ''pakken'' came to mean “to steal”: a record from Kortrijk of 1555 says a young man left a house having ''ghepact'' something, and the dialect still uses it so.^(EWN)^(Debrabandere 2002) The Chronologisch woordenboek dates the sense “to grab” to 1660.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ Packing one's belongings meant leaving, and so ''zijn biezen pakken'' “to pack one's rushes” became “to clear off”, recorded in 1726.^(WNT) In the 20th century ''pakken'' began to push out [[nemen]]: one ''pakt'' a beer or a train, which sounds brisker than ''nemen''.^(Reinsma 1999) In sports slang ''hij pakt'' means “he uses doping”, a sense Van Dale recorded in 1999.^(Reinsma 1999)

+

+ Van der Sijs lists the word among Dutch loans in several languages: German ''packen'' “to grab” and Danish ''pakke'' and Swedish ''packa'' “to pack” came from Dutch or Low German, and Sranan Tongo has ''paka'' “to pack, grab” and Indonesian ''pakem'' “to grip”, of a brake.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1295 – The compound ''pacgaren'' “packing twine” is recorded in a byname.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1443–1451 – ''Packen'' “to load” in a text about goods for Bruges.^(EWN)^(MNW)

+ * 1512 – The sense “to take in hand”.^(EWN)

+ * 1555 – ''Ghepact'' “stolen” in a record from Kortrijk.^(EWN)^(Debrabandere 2002)

+ * 1660 – The sense “to grab”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1726 – ''Zijne biezen te pakken'' “to clear off”.^(WNT)

+ * 1999 – Van Dale records ''pakken'' “to use doping”.^(Reinsma 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|pack]], put things into a box, bag or wrapping: ''Ze pakte de borden in kranten.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fill a container with things: ''Heb je je tas al gepakt?''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To move, impress someone: ''Dat liedje pakte haar.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To take something in order to use it: ''We pakken de bus naar het station.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|grab]], take hold of.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To catch, arrest: ''De dief werd bij de grens gepakt.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To put at a disadvantage, cheat.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(Belgium, informal)'' To shock, affect deeply.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To get a grip, of a brake or glue: ''De remmen pakken niet.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(vulgar)'' To have sex with.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pakhuis]]

+ * [[pakpapier]]

+ * [[pakkend]]

+ * [[pakkans]]

+ * [[inpakken]]

+ * [[aanpakken]]

+ * [[afpakken]]

+ * [[oppakken]]

+ * [[uitpakken]]

+ * [[verpakken]]

+ * [[vastpakken]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pak]]

+ * [[vatten]]

+ * [[en|pack]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Zijn biezen pakken'' “to clear off” and ''het te pakken hebben'' “to have a bad cold” or “to be madly in love” are fixed phrases.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}