rustig Dutch · revision 37307

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1465, Middle Dutch (Holland)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈrʏs.təx/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rustig''' (comparative rustiger, superlative rustigst)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|rustich]], formed [[af|nl|rust|-ig]] in Middle Dutch: the noun [[rust]] “rest” with the adjective suffix of [[nodig]] and [[aardig]].^(MNW)^(WNT)^(Wiktionary)^(ANW) [[gml|rustich]] corresponds to it.^(MNW)^(WNT) Franck–Van Wijk note that the word appears first in later Middle Dutch theological and mystical texts.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is from Holland in 1465, in a text where the speaker calls their possession something that makes them unconquerable, free, rich and ''rustich'', at peace.^(MNW) A text of 1470 says that a peaceful heart is a ''rustich bedde'', a quiet bed.^(MNW) The Chronologisch woordenboek dates the sense “calm, composed” to 1475.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the adjective was used of things (“quiet, still”) and of people (“peaceable, calm”); a mystical text of 1478 calls the peaceable ''die rustige''.^(MNW) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal sorts the later senses as free of work, as in old age, free of cares, “not sleepless” of a night, “still, hardly moving”, as of the Scheldt under a gondola in 1869, “steady” of breathing, and “calm, not quick-tempered” of a person, as in 1785.^(WNT)

+

+ Today the word means “calm, not moving”, “unhurried”, “quiet” and “undisturbed”, and of colours “soft”, and in ''rustig aan doen'' it means “to take it easy”.^(Van Dale 2014) As an adverb it also means “without qualms”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek) In Suriname ''rustig'' is the usual answer to “how are you?”, meaning “I'm fine”.^(Wiktionary) The word passed into Indonesian as ''rustig'' and into Surinamese Javanese as ''risteg'', both “calm”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1465 – ''Rustich'' “at peace” in a text from Holland.^(MNW)

+ * 1470 – ''Een rustich bedde'' “a quiet bed”.^(MNW)

+ * 1475 – The sense “calm, composed”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1478 – ''Die rustige'', the peaceable, as a noun.^(MNW)

+ * 1785 – ''Rustig'' “calm, even-tempered” of a young man.^(WNT)

+ * 1869 – ''De rustige Schelde'', the still river.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|still]], not or hardly moving: ''Het meer lag er rustig bij.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|calm]], unhurried, not nervous: ''Hij bleef heel rustig.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|quiet]], without much noise; of colours: soft.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # Undisturbed: ''een rustige nacht''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Calmly, unhurriedly.^(Wiktionary)

+ # Without qualms, safely: ''Je kunt haar rustig bellen.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(Suriname)'' Fine, as an answer to “how are you?”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rustigheid]]

+ * [[rustigjes]]

+ * [[onrustig]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rust]]

+ * [[rusten]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ From the 16th to the 19th century Dutch also had an adjective ''rustig'' “equipped, ready for battle”, then “brave, sturdy”, as in ''zeer rustighe peerden'' “fine war horses” (1566).^(WNT)^(MNW) It belongs with [[rusten]] “to equip” (now [[toerusten]]) and [[gmh|rüstec]] (modern [[de|rüstig]]); the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal thinks it arose under German influence, and it is now obsolete.^(WNT)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}