ontmoeten Dutch · revision 37306

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1240, Middle Dutch (Limburg)|origins=gem-pro *mōtijaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˌɔntˈmu.tə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ontmoeten'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|ontmoeten]], in the east ⟨entmuten⟩ and ⟨untmuten⟩, formed [[af|dum|ont-|moeten|t2=to meet]]: the prefix [[ont-]], which here marks the start of an action, on Middle Dutch [[m|dum|moeten|t=to meet]].^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Wiktionary) That verb was mostly (north)eastern; western Middle Dutch said [[m|dum|ghemoeten]] (see [[gemoeten]]).^(EWN) Both are now obsolete, but the noun survives in [[tegemoet]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

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+ The simple verb is [[inh|odt|*muoten]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*mōtijan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*mōtijaną|t=to meet]], made from a noun [[gem-pro|*mōtą|t=meeting]].^(Wiktionary)^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) The same verb is [[osx|mōtian]], [[ofs|mēta]], [[ang|mētan]] (modern [[en|meet]]), [[non|mœta]] and [[got|𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=gamōtjan]], all “to meet”.^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) With the prefix there are [[gml|entmōten]], the source of [[gmh|entmuoten|t=to attack]], and [[m|ang|onmētan|t=to find]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ The Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands tentatively compares Armenian and Hittite verbs meaning “to approach”.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) It finds a link with [[moeten]] “must” or with [[meten]] “to measure” improbable.^(EWN)^(Vercoullie 1925)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest records are glosses in a Limburg word list of 1240, where ''entmuten'' and ''untmuten'' translate Latin ''obviare'' and ''occurrere'' “to meet, run into”.^(VMNW) In a story from East Flanders of 1260–1280 three riders come to a forest where they meet a charcoal burner and greet him.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used the verb for meeting by chance and, as a mystical term, for being united with Christ (1401).^(MNW) It also meant going to meet someone on purpose, as a friend or as an enemy, and so “to attack”: a Flemish text of 1301 tells someone to set a day and place where the other may meet him in battle.^(MNW) With a thing as subject it meant “to befall”: any misfortune that ''mag ontmoeten'' a man (1399).^(MNW)

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+ The verb was first intransitive, with a dative, and only gradually became transitive; the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal noted in 1891 that it was still rarely used in the passive.^(WNT) Geometry took it up for a line that touches another at one point.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) In the south ''ontmoeten'' was much used, after French ''rencontrer'', where northern Dutch says [[aantreffen]] “to come across” of things, and De Vreese listed this as a gallicism in 1899.^(De Vreese 1899) The proverb ''wie goed doet, goed ontmoet'' means that good deeds are rewarded.^(Van Dale 2014)

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+ The verb passed into Negerhollands as ''ontmuet'', and Afrikaans has [[m|af|ontmoet]].^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1240 – ''Entmuten'' and ''untmuten'' gloss Latin ''obviare'' and ''occurrere'' in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * 1260–1280 – ''Ontmoeten'' in a narrative from East Flanders.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1301 – The hostile sense “to meet in battle”.^(MNW)

+ * 1401 – The mystical sense “to be united with Christ”.^(MNW)

+ * 1626 – An officer meets the enemy unexpectedly.^(WNT)

+ * 1850 – Fully transitive: people ''die elkander nooit ontmoet hebben'' “who have never met”.^(WNT)

+ * 1899 – De Vreese calls the southern use for things a gallicism.^(De Vreese 1899)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|meet]] someone, by chance or by arrangement: ''Ik ontmoette mijn oude leraar op het station.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To [[m|en|encounter]], meet with, experience: ''Het plan ontmoette veel verzet.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(geometry)'' Of a line: to have one point in common with another line while lying on one side of it.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ontmoeting]]

+ * [[ontmoetingsplaats]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gemoeten]]

+ * [[tegemoet]]

+ * [[en|meet]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}