voco Latin · revision 3730

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *wokʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwɔ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɔː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vocō''' (present infinitive vocāre, perfect active vocāvī, supine vocātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a verb made from the oblique stem *u̯okʷ- of [[vox|alt=vōx]] “voice”, perhaps through an intermediate *u̯okʷ-ā- “call”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) ''Vox'' is [[inh|itc-pro|*wōkʷs]], [[inh|ine-pro|*uōkʷ-s|t=voice]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Compare [[xum|subocauu|t=I invoke]],^(de Vaan 2008) [[sa|वक्ति|tr=vakti|t=speaks]] and [[grc|ἔπος|tr=épos|t=word]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from the Laws of the Twelve Tables onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a master calls out “hey, Staphyla, I'm calling you”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to call a person, to summon, to invite a guest, as Terence's “whom shall I invite to dinner?”, and to summon officially, as the tribunes calling the senate in Cicero and Virgil's father of the gods calling a council.^(OLD 2012) It meant to challenge to a fight, to call for or demand, and to call someone to an activity, as Cicero's “you always call me to write”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant to bring into a condition, as ''ad pugnam vocare'', and with a predicate to call or name, as Plautus' “you're not sane, calling me a thief”.^(OLD 2012) English ''vocation'' and ''invoke'' come from its derivatives.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of calling and naming.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of inviting to dinner.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of summoning the senate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''vocation'' comes from its derivative ''vocatio''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To call (a person).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|summon]], call.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To invite (a guest).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To convene, summon officially.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|challenge]] (to a contest).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To call for, demand; to [[m|en|invoke]] (a god).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To call (to an activity).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To bring (into a condition).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To call, name.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[advocō]]

+ * [[āvocō]]

+ * [[convocō]]

+ * [[ēvocō]]

+ * [[invocō]]

+ * [[prōvocō]]

+ * [[revocō]]

+ * [[vocābilis]]

+ * [[vocābulum]]

+ * [[vocāmen]]

+ * [[vocātiō]]

+ * [[vocātīvē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vōcālis]]

+ * [[vōcālitās]]

+ * [[vōcāliter]]

+ * [[vocātōrius]]

+ * [[vōcula]]

+ * [[vōculātiō]]

+ * [[vōx]]

+ * [[en|vocation]]

+ * [[en|invoke]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''nominare'', calling someone by the name he already has, and ''nuncupare'', giving a name, from ''appellare'' and ''vocare''.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}