kloppen Dutch · revision 37290

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1276–1300, Middle Dutch (Brabant)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈklɔ.pə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''kloppen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|cloppen]], an imitative word for a dull knocking sound.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(WNT) Related verbs are [[gml|kloppen]], [[goh|chlopfōn]] (modern [[de|klopfen]]) and [[ofs|kloppia]] (modern [[fy|klopje]]).^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Haeringen 1936)^(WNT) It stands in ablaut beside [[klappen]].^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|198) Wiktionary reconstructs [[gmw-pro|*kloppōn]] and perhaps [[gem-pro|*kluppōną]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In 1958 Otto Haas placed the group with [[klieven]], as words from stone-working going back to the Stone Age, an idea De Vries found unconvincing.^(De Vries 1971)

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+ The noun [[klop]] “blow, knock; defeat” is a derivative of the verb, recorded from 1260–1280.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''cloppen'' is first recorded in Brabant in 1276–1300: a woman ''clopte … aen haer borst'', beat her breast.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Another text has the Gospel saying ''clopt, ende men sal v ontpluken'', “knock, and it shall be opened to you”.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most of the modern senses come straight from the sound: knocking on a door, the beating of the heart (1596), beating eggs (1599).^(EWN)^(WNT) “To beat, thrash” (1566) widened to “to defeat”, as in a line of about 1655 about a defeat in the strait of Salamis.^(EWN) In Catholic Holland a ''klopje'' was an unmarried woman who lived a religious life without entering an order, and ''kloppen'' could mean to live as one.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The sense “to tally, be correct” is young: a text of 1886 calls it the established term for accounts that agree, and ''het klopt als een bus'' is from 1935.^(EWN) Its origin is obscure, perhaps the regular beat of a healthy heart, and the phrase with ''bus'' follows ''het sluit als een bus'', said of a closing argument.^(EWN)

+

+ The verb passed into Sranan Tongo as ''kropu'' and ''klop'', and the sense “to tally” into Indonesian as ''klop''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) In Surinamese Dutch it also means to clap one's hands.^(Van Donselaar 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1276–1300 – Middle Dutch ''cloppen'' “to knock, beat” in Brabant.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1566 – ''Geclopt'' “beaten” like a dog.^(EWN)

+ * 1596 – Of the heart beating in the chest.^(EWN)

+ * c. 1655 – “To defeat” in battle.^(EWN)

+ * 1886 – ''Kloppen'' “to tally” is the usual word for accounts that agree.^(EWN)

+ * 1935 – ''Het klopt als een bus'' is recorded.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|knock]], to strike audibly on or against something: ''Er wordt op de deur geklopt.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' Of the heart or blood vessels: to [[m|en|beat]], to throb.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To be correct, to [[m|en|tally]]: ''Die rekening klopt niet.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To strike something audibly: ''zich op de borst kloppen'', to boast.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To bring into a state by beating: ''een kussen opkloppen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To defeat, to beat in a contest.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Suriname, vulgar)'' To masturbate.^(Wiktionary)^(Van Donselaar 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[klop]]

+ * [[klopper]]

+ * [[geklop]]

+ * [[aankloppen]]

+ * [[afkloppen]]

+ * [[opkloppen]]

+ * [[uitkloppen]]

+ * [[klopjacht]]

+ * [[klopgeest]]

+ * [[mattenklopper]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[klappen]]

+ * [[de|klopfen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Dat klopt als een bus'' means “that is entirely right”, and ''daar klopt niets van'' “that is all wrong”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}