volgen Dutch · revision 37287

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1151–1200, Old Dutch (Werden)|origins=gem-pro *fulgāną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈvɔl.ɣə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''volgen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|volghen]], [[inh|odt|folgon]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*folgēn]], [[inh|gem-pro|*fulgāną|alt=*fulgēn-|t=to follow]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same verb is [[osx|folgon]], [[goh|folgēn]] (modern [[de|folgen]]), [[ofs|folgia]] (modern [[fy|folgje]]), [[ang|folgian]] (modern [[en|follow]]) and [[non|fylgja]] (modern [[sv|följa]]); Old English also had [[m|ang|fylgan]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) The Old Norse word also served as a noun for a guardian spirit.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ The origin is uncertain.^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries 1971) The EWN and Franck–Van Wijk mention a possible link with [[cy|ol|t=track, footprint]], [[kw|ol]] and [[br|heul|t=to follow]], from [[ine-pro|*pelgʰ-]], but De Vries and De Tollenaere note that this has been doubted.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|417) Kroonen thinks the Breton verb comes from a different root and rejects a link with Slavic verbs for “to crawl”; he connects the forms with ⟨-j-⟩ with [[m|ang|feolan|t=to proceed, reach]].^(Kroonen 2013) Wiktionary also mentions [[m|ine-pro|*pelḱ-|t=to turn]].^(Wiktionary)

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+ The verb has nothing to do with Old Dutch [[m|odt|fulgān]], Middle Dutch [[m|dum|volgaen|t=to persevere, complete]], a compound of ⟨vol⟩ and ⟨gaan⟩; where that verb means “to follow” it was influenced by the verb treated here.^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Haeringen 1936)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb is found in an Old Dutch rhymed Bible from Werden of the second half of the 12th century, where the Magi ''uolgeten ... them sterne'', “followed the star”.^(ONW)^(EWN) In Middle Dutch it appears on the Lower Rhine around 1201, and in a Limburg word list of about 1240.^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|417)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used ''volghen'' for “to pursue”, “to obey” advice and rules, “to imitate” deeds and customs, “to keep” an agreement and “to accompany”.^(VMNW)^(MNW) It also meant “to come after”: in a text of 1265–1270 many tears followed a request, and in 1287 the letter ''f'' follows the ''e''.^(EWN) At first the verb took a dative object or a preposition; with the loss of the dative it became the transitive verb of modern Dutch.^(WNT)

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+ The sense “to understand, keep up with” and “to watch every episode” of a series belong to modern Dutch, and since social media one can follow a person's posts.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) Using ''volgen'' for a religion, after French ''suivre'', was rejected as a gallicism in 1899.^(De Vreese 1899) ''Goed voorgaan doet goed volgen'' “a good example is well followed” is found in the 16th century.^(Stoett 1923)

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+ Negerhollands had ''volg'' and ''folok'', Sranan Tongo ''folg'', and Saramaccan ''flakka'' and ''faáka''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1151–1200 – ''Uolgeten'' “followed” in the Old Dutch rhymed Bible.^(ONW)^(EWN)

+ * c. 1201 – Middle Dutch ''volghen'' on the Lower Rhine.^(VMNW)

+ * 1240 – ''Volgen'' “to follow” in a Limburg word list.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1265–1270 – ''Na volgen'' “to come after”.^(EWN)

+ * 1287 – The ''f'' ''volghet na'' the ''e''.^(EWN)

+ * 16th century – ''Goed voorgaan doet goed volgen''.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|follow]], to go after or in the same direction as: ''De hond volgde ons tot aan het station.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To come after, in time or order: ''Daarna volgde een lange stilte.'' ''Als volgt'' means “as follows”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To keep up with the course of; to [[m|en|understand]]: ''Ik kan je niet meer volgen.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|comply]] with, to act according to: ''een advies volgen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To attend regularly, to take: ''een cursus volgen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To imitate: ''iemands voorbeeld volgen'' “to follow someone's example”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To follow someone's posts on [[m|en|social media]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gevolg]]

+ * [[volgens]]

+ * [[volgeling]]

+ * [[volger]]

+ * [[volgorde]]

+ * [[achtervolgen]]

+ * [[navolgen]]

+ * [[ontvolgen]]

+ * [[opvolgen]]

+ * [[vervolgen]]

+ * [[volgzaam]]

+ * [[volgrecht]]

+ * [[volgwagen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|follow]]

+ * [[de|folgen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}