zorgen Dutch · revision 37282

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *surgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈzɔrɣə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''zorgen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|sorgen]], [[inh|odt|sorgon]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*sorgēn]], [[inh|gem-pro|*surgāną|t=to worry, be concerned]], a verb formed from the noun [[m|gem-pro|*surgō|t=worry, sorrow, care]], the ancestor of [[zorg]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(ONW)^(VMNW) The same verb is [[osx|sorgon]], [[goh|sorgēn]] (also ⟨sorgōn⟩, ⟨sworgēn⟩; modern [[de|sorgen]]), [[ofs|sorgia]], [[ang|sorgian|t=to care, grieve]], [[non|syrgja|t=to mourn]] and [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌽|tr=saurgan|t=to be anxious]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ The further origin of the noun is uncertain.^(EWN) If the Old High German forms with ⟨sw-⟩ are old, it can go back to the root [[ine-pro|*swergʰ-|t=to worry about; to be ill]], with [[lt|sirgti|t=to be ill]] and [[sga|serg|t=illness]]; but ⟨sw-⟩ is found only in Frankish Old High German and may be a local development.^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''sorgon'' first appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century, in ''so sorgoda herte min'', “then my heart grew afraid”: the oldest sense is “to become anxious, afraid”.^(EWN)^(ONW) Middle Dutch ''sorgen'' glosses Latin ''sollicitare'' “to be anxious” and ''curare'' “to take care of (a sick person)” in a Limburg word list of 1240.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the verb meant to fear and to be worried about something, and also to look after a sick person.^(VMNW)^(MNW) A Brabant life of Saint Lutgard of 1276 uses it for being afraid, and a gospel translation of 1291 asks why one should worry about clothes.^(VMNW) The sense “to fear” lasted into the 17th century and is now obsolete, as is ''zorgt niet'' “don't worry” (1500).^(WNT)

+

+ The modern sense of taking care of someone or something is clear in 1526, ''voor dat sijne zorgen'', “to care for one's own”.^(EWN) Today the verb mostly means to see to it that something happens or is provided, to look after people, and, with ''voor'', to cause something.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Dutch took the verb to its colonies: it is Negerhollands ''sorg'', Papiamentu [[m|pap|sòru]], Sranan Tongo [[m|srn|sorgu]] and Saramaccan ''solúgu'', and through Sranan Tongo it reached Surinamese Javanese.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Afrikaans has [[m|af|sorg]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''sorgoda'' “grew afraid” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * 1240 – Middle Dutch ''sorgen'' glosses Latin ''sollicitare'' and ''curare''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1276 – ''Sorgen'' “to be afraid” in a Brabant life of Saint Lutgard.^(VMNW)

+ * 1291 – ''Waromme sorgdi omme cleder?'', “why do you worry about clothes?”.^(VMNW)

+ * 1526 – ''Voor dat sijne zorgen'', “to care for one's own”.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(with voor)'' To see to it that something is done or provided, to [[m|en|ensure]]: ''zij zorgt voor de drankjes''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with voor)'' To look after, [[m|en|care]] for someone: ''voor een zieke moeder zorgen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(with voor)'' To cause, bring about: ''voor opschudding zorgen''.^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''(with dat)'' To make sure that: ''zorg dat je op tijd bent''.^(Wiktionary)^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' To fear, to be worried.^(WNT)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bezorgen]]

+ * [[verzorgen]]

+ * [[bezorgd]]

+ * [[zorger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[zorg]]

+ * [[en|sorrow]]

+ * [[de|sorgen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Voor zichzelf kunnen zorgen'' is to be able to provide for oneself.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}