vulgaris Latin · revision 3728

15 Oct 2026, 20:10 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la vulgus}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [wʊɫˈɡaː.rɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [vulˈɡaː.ris]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''vulgāris''' (neuter vulgāre, superlative vulgārissimus, adverb vulgāre or vulgāriter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|vulgus|-aris|t1=the common people]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The origin of ''vulgus'' is uncertain.^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary gives Proto-Italic *wolgos or *welgos.^(Wiktionary) An old spelling was [[m|la|volgāris]], and a variant [[m|la|vulgārius]] is found in early and late Latin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler dates it from the Rhetorica ad Herennium (86/82 BC).^(Köbler 2010) Cicero speaks of legal points remote from ordinary understanding.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant belonging to ordinary people and their standards, common or everyday, and of persons the common people, the lower orders.^(OLD 2012) It meant ordinary, of the kind usually met with, as Cicero's “not a common crime”, conventional in vocabulary, as words like “bold, greedy, treacherous”, called common and worn out, and frequently occurring, as Phaedrus' “the name of friend is common, but loyalty is rare”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ It also meant common to all, as Cicero's generosity that extends to everyone.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Medieval Latin ''vulgaris'' was also the mother tongue, the vernacular.^(Köbler 2010) English ''vulgar'' was borrowed in the late 14th century, first meaning “common, in general use”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 86/82 BC – The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of generosity extended to all.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * before 1227 – Medieval Latin uses ''vulgaris'' for the vernacular.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''vulgar'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Of ordinary people; everyday.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Of the common people, low.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Ordinary, common, usual.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(of words)'' Common, conventional.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Common to all, general.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # Frequent, common.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin, as a noun)'' The [[m|en|vernacular]].^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[vulgāritās]]
+ * [[vulgāriter]]
+ * [[vulgārius]]
+ * [[vulgātē]]
+ * [[vulgātor]]
+ * [[vulgātus]]
+ * [[vulgivagus]]
+ * [[vulgō]]
+ * [[vulgus]]
+ * [[en|vulgar]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}