zoeken Dutch · revision 37272

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *seh₂g-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈzu.kə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Brabant: [ˈzuː.kə(n)]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''zoeken''' (past ''zocht'', past participle ''gezocht'')^(WNT)^(Van Donselaar 1989)

+ Regional forms are ''zuken'' and ''zuiken'' in Flanders, ''zouken'' in Groningen and the west, ''zoken'' in Twente and the Achterhoek, and ''zeuken''.^(WNT) In the south-east it is a weak verb, and Gezelle wrote the participle ''gezoken''.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|soeken]], [[inh|odt|suoken]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*sōkijan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*sōkijaną|t=to seek]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same verb is [[osx|sōkian]], [[goh|suohhen]] (modern [[de|suchen]]), [[ofs|sēka]] (modern [[fy|sykje]]), [[ang|sēcan]] (modern [[en|seek]]), [[non|sœkja]] and [[got|𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=sōkjan]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The root is [[ine-pro|*seh₂g-|t=to follow a trail]], also in [[la|sāgiō|t=to perceive keenly]], [[sga|saigid|t=seeks]] and, less certainly, [[grc|ἡγέομαι|tr=hēgéomai|t=to lead the way]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Wiktionary) De Vries supposes that the verb was first said of a hunting dog picking up the scent.^(De Vries 1971)^(WNT) It is related by ablaut to [[zaak]] and its strong verb [[gem-pro|*sakaną|t=to dispute]], as [[ang|sōcn|t=inquiry, lawsuit]] shows;^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Kroonen 2013) Franck–Van Wijk found the link in meaning hard to see.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Kroonen 2013) Kroonen notes that it looks like a causative, but the Greek and Latin cognates make that unlikely.^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''suokan'' is first recorded in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century, both for trying to find (''suokit got'' “seek God”) and for striving after something (''thia suocunt uuel mi'' “those who seek to do me harm”).^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Middle Dutch ''soeken'' appears in Ghent in 1237, and about 1240 a Limburg glossary gives ''suken'' for Latin ''quaerere''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The general sense in all the Germanic languages was “to try to find” something lost or to obtain something such as a post or comfort; from it came “to strive after”, which Dutch keeps in phrases like ''ruzie zoeken'' “to pick a quarrel”.^(EWN) In the 13th century the verb also meant “to think out”, “to fetch”, “to lay claim to”, “to visit” and “to attack”.^(VMNW)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ The proverb ''soort zoekt soort'', birds of a feather flock together, goes back to Middle Dutch ''ghelijc suect sijns ghelijc''.^(Stoett 1923) Surinamese Dutch uses ''zoeken'' for “to court” and “to fetch”.^(Van Donselaar 1989) The verb went into Sranan Tongo ([[srn|suku]]), the Maroon languages of Suriname and Negerhollands, and Afrikaans has [[m|af|soek]], whence South African English ''soek'' “to look for (trouble)”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''suokan'' “to seek” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1237 – Middle Dutch ''soeken'', in Ghent.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * c. 1240 – ''Suken'' glosses Latin ''quaerere'' in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * 1562 – ''Al soeckende'' “searching” of tracking a trail.^(WNT)

+ * 1919 – The ''zoekend relais'' “selector relay” of the automatic telephone.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|search]], to look for: ''ik zoek mijn sleutels'', I'm looking for my keys;^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) ''zoeken naar'', to search for.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|seek]], to try to obtain or reach: ''werk zoeken'', to look for a job.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To provoke by one's behaviour: ''hij zoekt het zelf'', he is asking for it.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To seize every chance to find fault with someone.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vergezocht]]

+ * [[zoeker]]

+ * [[zoeklicht]]

+ * [[zoekmachine]]

+ * [[zoekrobot]]

+ * [[zoektocht]]

+ * [[aanzoeken]]

+ * [[afzoeken]]

+ * [[bezoeken]]

+ * [[doorzoeken]]

+ * [[onderzoeken]]

+ * [[opzoeken]]

+ * [[bezoek]]

+ * [[verzoek]]

+ * [[onderzoek]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[zaak]]

+ * [[en|seek]]

+ * [[de|suchen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Zich gek zoeken'' is to search everywhere in vain.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}