bellen Dutch · revision 37270

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Middle Dutch|origins=gem-pro *bellǭ}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈbɛlə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bellen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|bellen]], a verb formed from the noun [[m|dum|belle]], modern [[bel]] “bell”.^(WNT)^(MNW)^(Wiktionary)^(ANW) The same verb is [[gml|bellen]].^(MNW) The noun is recorded in Middle Dutch from 1236 and goes back to [[gem-pro|*bellǭ|alt=*bello-]], from older ⟨*belzo-⟩, the same word as [[ang|belle]] (modern [[en|bell]]); [[non|bjalla]] was taken from Old English.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|65) It is compared with [[lt|balsas|t=voice, sound]] and probably comes from [[ine-pro|*bʰel-|t=to sound, roar, bark]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)

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+ The southern dialect verb ⟨bellen⟩ “to bark”, like [[de|bellen]], comes from the same root but is a separate Germanic verb (see Usage notes).^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''bellen'' already had its modern sense of ringing a bell, and Kiliaan records a transitive use: ''iemand bellen'' was to have a person cried out with the bell as a spendthrift placed under guardianship.^(MNW)^(WNT) In 1563 a legal text says that the guardian of a ''ghebelde'' ward may not sell or burden the ward's goods.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th and 17th centuries the verb is used for ringing at the house door (1564), ringing a hand bell inside the house to call a servant (1637), and ringing as a signal to depart, as at a railway station in 1885.^(WNT) In Catholic churches one rings at the Sanctus, the consecration and the blessing.^(WNT) In some regions ''schellen'' is preferred for the same action.^(WNT)

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+ The modern dictionaries give as the main transitive sense “to telephone”, with many compounds such as [[opbellen]], [[terugbellen]] and [[inbellen]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) Dutch lent the word in this sense to Papiamentu ([[pap|bèl]] “to ring, to phone”), Sranan Tongo ([[srn|bèl]] “to phone”) and Indonesian ([[m|id|bel]]).^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1563 – ''Ghebelde'', “placed under guardianship”, in a legal text.^(WNT)

+ * 1564 – ''Bellen'' at the house door.^(WNT)

+ * 1637 – ''Ick heb gebelt'', ringing for a servant.^(WNT)

+ * 1885 – Ringing as the signal for departure at a station.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To ring the [[m|en|doorbell]]: ''er wordt gebeld'', someone is at the door.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To give a signal with a bell.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive, also absolute)'' To [[m|en|telephone]], to call someone: ''ik bel je morgen nog''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To summon someone by ringing a bell.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aanbellen]]

+ * [[afbellen]]

+ * [[beller]]

+ * [[beltoon]]

+ * [[gebel]]

+ * [[inbellen]]

+ * [[opbellen]]

+ * [[terugbellen]]

+ * [[videobellen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bel]]

+ * [[schellen]]

+ * [[en|bell]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate verb ''bellen'' “to bark” is Middle Dutch, recorded in 1450 of cows that snort and bellow, and the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal notes it in several regions, especially the south.^(MNW)^(WNT) Kroonen reconstructs it as a Proto-Germanic strong verb ''*bellan-'' “to roar, bark”, the source of Old English ''bellan'' and German ''bellen''.^(Kroonen 2013) In Brabant it means “to scold, quarrel”, in the phrase ''schellen en bellen'', and in Limburg “to bark” and “to cough”.^(Debrabandere 2010)^(Debrabandere 2011) Jewish Dutch ''billen'', ''bellen'' “to bark; to shout; to chatter” came from Yiddish.^(Van de Kamp 2006)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}