iaceo Latin · revision 3727

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(H)ieh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈja.ke.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈjaː.t͡ʃe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iaceō''' (present infinitive iacēre, perfect active iacuī, future active participle iacitūrus); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the stative counterpart of [[iacio|alt=iaciō]] “to throw”, so that its first meaning was “to have been thrown down”, hence “to lie”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) ''Iacio'' is [[inh|itc-pro|*jak-i-]], from [[ine-pro|*(H)ieh₁-|t=to throw]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Compare [[grc|ἵημι|tr=híēmi|t=to send, throw]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) as in Amphitryon's “as I lay there, I get up”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to lie or recline, to lie prostrate or helpless, and of buildings to lie in ruins, as Ennius' broken altars of the fatherland.^(OLD 2012) It meant to lie dead, as Plautus' “each man lies where he stood”, to be brought low or overthrown, as Cicero's ruined friend, and to lie still or be calm.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant to be idle, as Cicero's man who preferred to lie idle in peace than flourish in war, to stay somewhere, and of places to lie or extend, and to be low-lying, as Virgil's low Thapsus.^(OLD 2012) Things it meant to lie obscure, as Cicero's “all would lie in darkness without the light of letters”.^(OLD 2012) English ''adjacent'' comes from its compound ''adiacere''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of lying and of the dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of ruined altars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of idleness and obscurity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of low-lying land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''adjacent'' comes from its compound.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|lie]], be lying down.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To recline, rest.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lie prostrate, helpless; to be ill.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of buildings)'' To lie in ruins.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be overthrown, brought low.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lie dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lie still, ''(of the sea)'' to be calm.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be idle, inactive.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stay, linger.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of places)'' To lie, extend; to be low-lying.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lie (in obscurity).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adiaceō]]

+ * [[circumiaceō]]

+ * [[interiaceō]]

+ * [[obiaceō]]

+ * [[praeiaceō]]

+ * [[subiaceō]]

+ * [[subteriaceō]]

+ * [[superiaceō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iacio]]

+ * [[en|adjacent]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says ''cubare'' is used of living beings and ''situm esse'' of lifeless things, while ''iacere'' is used of both.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}