want Dutch · revision 37266

+ {{homograph|1|mitten}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1294–1300, Middle Dutch (as a byname)|origins=gem-pro *wantuz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʋɑnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''want''' ''f'' (plural wanten, diminutive wantje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The mitten is [[inh|dum|want]], [[inh|gem-pro|*wantuz|alt=*wantu-|t=mitten]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[nds|want]], [[fy|want]] and [[non|vǫttr|t=glove]] (modern [[sv|vante]]); the North Germanic form was borrowed into Finnish dialects as [[m|fi|vantus]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ Glosses in medieval texts from Frankish and British territory record the word much earlier than Dutch does: [[la-med|wandio|t=glove]] in 745 and above all the plural [[m|la-med|wantos]] in the 9th century.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) A text dated 615, preserved in a 10th-century manuscript, speaks of hand coverings that “the Gauls” call by this name;^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) NEW ascribes the line to Bede.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) The “Gauls” were probably the Franks, since no Celtic language has the word.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) From Frankish it entered [[fro|guant]] (modern [[m|fr|gant|t=glove]]), and French passed it on to [[it|guanto]] and [[es|guante]].^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ Its further origin is unclear.^(EWN)^(Orel 2003) It is usually derived from the root of [[winden]], but the consonants do not match: ⟨*d⟩ in the verb, ⟨*t⟩ in the noun.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) Kroonen explains the ⟨t⟩ from a geminate, ⟨*wanttu-⟩ from [[ine-pro|*wondʰ-nú-]], while Van Haeringen thinks such a form very unlikely, and NEW suggests a substrate word of the North Sea peoples.^(Kroonen 2013)^(Van Haeringen 1936)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Want'' is probably found first as a byname, ''boudene wante'', in 1294–1300.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|428) In the first half of the 14th century a man puts on a grey coat and ''twee ruwe wanten'', “two rough mittens”, and accounts of 1343–1344 pay for caps, socks and mittens of beaver.^(EWN)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word means a glove with a single compartment for the four fingers and one for the thumb, but it was often used for any glove.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) In Middle Dutch it was masculine; in modern Dutch it is almost always feminine.^(WNT)

+

+ ''Van wanten weten'' means to know one's business, to be well informed; in Amsterdam people said ''hij weet van wanten, hij doet een kousenwinkel'', “he knows about mittens, he keeps a stocking shop”.^(Stoett 1923)^(Vercoullie 1925) In the south the phrase could mean “to be rich”, and in the Land of Aalst ''hij zal van wanten weten'' meant he would get a thrashing.^(Stoett 1923) In Zeeland ''wanteweven'', literally “to weave mittens”, is to be unable to sit still.^(Debrabandere 2007)

+

+ Through French the Germanic word reached Greek, Esperanto and, through Italian, Arabic, and Munsee Delaware has ''waʼnt'' “mitten”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 615 – A Latin text mentions ''wantos'' as a Gaulish word for gloves.^(EWN)

+ * 745 – ''Wandio'' “glove” in a medieval Latin gloss.^(EWN)

+ * 1294–1300 – ''Wante'', probably as a byname.^(EWN)

+ * 1343–1344 – ''Wanten van bevere'', beaver-fur mittens.^(EWN)^(MNW)

+ * 1539 – The earliest quotation in the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|mitten]], a glove with one part for the thumb and one for the other fingers.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ {{homograph|2|rigging; coarse cloth}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1322, Middle Dutch|origins=gem-pro *gawandą}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʋɑnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''want''' ''n'' (plural wanten, diminutive wantje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The rigging is [[inh|dum|want]], a northern by-form without the prefix of [[m|dum|ghewant|t=equipment, cloth]], [[inh|odt|giwant|t=garment]].^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(ONW)^(Wiktionary) The longer word is [[gem-pro|*gawandą]], a derivative of the root of [[winden]] with the prefix [[ge-]], and meant literally “what is wound round something”; it is also the second part of [[ingewanden]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(De Vries 1971) The same word is [[gml|want]] and [[gmh|gewant]] (modern [[de|Gewand]] “garment”).^(De Vries 1971)^(MNW)

+

+ The final ⟨d⟩ was hardened to ⟨t⟩, as in [[kruit]] and [[vaalt]], but the form with ⟨d⟩ remained in use for a long time.^(De Vries 1971)^(WNT) Kiliaan labels ⟨wand⟩, ⟨want⟩ in the sense “cloth, garment; net” as Saxon, Frisian and Sicambrian, that is, eastern and northern.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest certain record is from 1322, when toll is due on ''ghesneden wande'', cut cloth; a Dordrecht list of 1284 may already have the word.^(EWN)^(VMNW) The prefixed form ''ghewant'' meant “equipment, gear”, as of looms in 1277, and a ship's gear: in 1318–1320 ''een scip met al sinen ghewande'', “a ship with all its equipment”, and in 1343–1346 ''opstaende ghewant'', the standing rigging.^(EWN)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “ropes of a ship” grew out of the general “equipment of a ship”.^(EWN)^(MNW) For the short form it is first recorded in 1494–1512, when all ships have to take down their tackle and standing ''wandt'', and in 1516 for cables of ''geslagen want''.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|428) The fishermen's sense “nets, fishing gear” is also old: Kiliaan glosses the word as “net”.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ The sense “coarse woollen cloth” is now obsolete except in Drenthe, where it was the cloth of the farmers' winter clothes, and the phrase ''goed in zijn want zitten'' meant to be well dressed, or to be in good health.^(WNT) In Zeeland ''want'' is also a horse's harness, as in ''parewant'' “horse tackle”.^(Debrabandere 2007)

+

+ As a seafaring word it passed into German, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish ([[sv|vant]]), Polish, Estonian, Lithuanian and Russian ([[ru|ванта|tr=vánta]] “shroud”), and Russian passed it on to Bulgarian and Ukrainian.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1277 – ''Ywande'' “looms, weaving gear”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1318–1320 – ''Ghewant'' “a ship's equipment”.^(EWN)

+ * 1322 – ''Want'' “cloth” in a toll regulation.^(EWN)

+ * 1494–1512 – ''Want'' “rigging”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1516 – ''Geslagen want'', cables.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(nautical)'' [[m|en|rigging]], all the ropes on board: ''staand want'' for the fixed ropes that support the masts, ''lopend want'' for the ropes that work the sails.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(fishing)'' Fishing gear, the nets together: ''want schieten'', to set the nets.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' Coarse woollen cloth.^(WNT)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[wantladder]]

+ * [[viswant]]

+ * [[hoekwant]]

+ * [[stagwant]]

+

+ {{homograph|3|because, for}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *kʷos}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʋɑnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''want'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The conjunction is [[inh|dum|want]], [[inh|odt|wanda]], [[inh|gem-pro|*hwandē|alt=*hwandê]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[osx|hwanda]], [[goh|hwanta|t=because; why]] and [[ofs|hwande]] (modern [[fy|want]]).^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) It is a formation on the adverb [[gem-pro|*hwan|t=when]] of [[wanneer]], comparable with [[got|𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴|tr=þandē|t=as, because, as long as]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|428) It goes back to [[ine-pro|*kʷom-dʰe-]], from the interrogative stem [[m|ine-pro|*kʷos|alt=*kʷo-]] (see [[hoe]]), the ⟨m⟩ having become ⟨n⟩ before the dental.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century use ''uuanda'' as a conjunction of reason: ''ecco becanda uuanda got min bist'', “see, I have known you, because you are my God”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) The Middle Franconian Rhyme Bible of 1151–1200 tells that the city gate slammed shut ''want her that cruce niet otmutliche ne drôg'', “because he did not carry the cross humbly”, and Middle Dutch ''want'' follows in 1220–1240.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From Old Dutch on the main function of ''want'' has been to give a reason.^(EWN) The word order after it varied: in Old and Middle Dutch it could be followed by a main clause, as after modern ''want'', or by a subordinate clause, as after [[omdat]].^(EWN) Middle Dutch also used it for “so that”, “when” and, in the east, “until”, and in South Brabant and the Hageland it still means “if”.^(De Vries 1971)^(MNW)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ Around 1900 Willem Kloos began to use ''want'' between two adjectives (''een onvolmaakt, want verpolitiekt bestuur''), a construction other writers and journalists copied and critics took for a Germanism after German ''weil''.^(Moortgat 1925) Dutch lent the conjunction to Negerhollands and Sranan Tongo, and West Frisian has it as well.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''uuanda'' “because” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1151–1200 – ''Want'' in the Middle Franconian Rhyme Bible.^(EWN)

+ * 1220–1240 – Middle Dutch ''want''.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1909 – A critic notes Kloos's use of ''want'' between adjectives.^(Moortgat 1925)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # For, [[m|en|because]], as: introduces a main clause giving a reason: ''ik blijf thuis, want ik ben moe''.^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[winden]]

+ * [[gewand]]

+ * [[ingewanden]]

+ * [[wanneer]]

+ * [[fr|gant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}