binnen Dutch · revision 37262

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1151–1200, Old Dutch|origins=gem-pro *innana}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈbɪ.nə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''binnen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|binnen]], [[inh|odt|binnan]], formed with the Proto-Germanic prefix [[m|gem-pro|*bi-]] (see [[be-]]) and the adverb [[m|gem-pro|*innana|t=within]], a derivative of [[m|gem-pro|*in|t=in]] (see [[in]]).^(EWN)^(ONW)^(De Vries 1971)^(Wiktionary) Middle Dutch has no trace of the simple adverb, unlike [[beneden]], made in the same way, beside which Middle Dutch still had [[m|dum|neden|t=below]].^(EWN) The suffix ⟨*-ana⟩ originally expressed direction, “from within”.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ With the prefix the word is found only in the North Sea Germanic languages: [[gml|binnen]], [[gmh|binnen]] (modern [[de|binnen]], now only of time), [[ofs|binna]] (modern [[fy|binnen]]) and [[ang|binnan]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) Without it there are [[osx|innan]], [[goh|innana]], [[non|innan]] and [[got|𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰|tr=innana|t=within]].^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) [[boven]], [[buiten]] and Middle Dutch [[m|dum|bachten|t=behind]] are built with the same prefix.^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ Middle Dutch also had a short preposition [[m|dum|bin]], still used in Flanders and on the Zaan.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT) The MNW contracts it from ⟨be-in⟩, while De Vries and Franck–Van Wijk see a blend of the longer form with [[m|dum|in]].^(MNW)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is Old Dutch, from Werden in the second half of the 12th century: something ''was also ein hus geschaffen unde manichualt binnen gemachet'', “was shaped like a house and made with many parts inside”.^(ONW)^(EWN) In Middle Dutch the adverb is first found in 1201–1225 in the romance of Floris, and the preposition in Ghent in 1236, in ''binnen den hus'', “within the house”.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch already used ''binnen'' and ''bin'' both of space and of time: ''binnen den jare'', within the year, and ''bin desen'', meanwhile.^(MNW)^(VMNW) Of a town it could simply mean “in the town”, as opposed to ''buten'', outside the walls.^(VMNW) The time sense, “before a period has passed”, runs through the later language, as in a 1545 ordinance on the period of a banishment.^(WNT)

+

+ At sea ''binnen'' meant inside the harbour: Winschoten explains in 1681 that ''het schip is binnen'' means the ship is in port.^(Winschoten 1681) From this sailors' phrase ''binnen zijn'' came to mean “to be safe, to have made one's fortune”, and in colloquial Dutch someone who is ''binnen'' is set for life.^(Stoett 1923)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Dutch spread the word: German took ''binnen'' “inside the harbour, aboard” from Dutch or Low German, [[id|binen|t=to be successful]] came into Indonesian, and it lives on in Negerhollands ''bini'', Berbice Dutch ''ben'' and Afrikaans [[m|af|binne]].^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1151–1200 – Old Dutch ''binnen'' “inside” in a text from Werden.^(ONW)^(EWN)

+ * 1201–1225 – Middle Dutch adverb ''binnen'' in the Floris romance.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(EWN)

+ * 1236 – The preposition ''binnen den hus'' in Ghent.^(VMNW)

+ * 1277 – The short form ''bin'', fused in ''binden ambochte'', in Flanders.^(MNW)

+ * 1545 – ''Binnen den tijd'' “within the period” of a banishment.^(WNT)

+ * 1681 – Winschoten explains ''het schip is binnen''.^(Winschoten 1681)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|inside]], [[m|en|indoors]]: in a building or enclosed space.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With ''naar'': inward, into a space.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|within]], inside the limits of a space or area: ''binnen de stadsmuren'', within the town walls.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Within a time, in less than: ''binnen een uur'', within an hour.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(colloquial, predicative)'' Set for life, having made enough money to stop working.^(Wiktionary)^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[binnenkant]]

+ * [[binnenkomen]]

+ * [[binnenkort]]

+ * [[binnenland]]

+ * [[binnenlands]]

+ * [[binnenshuis]]

+ * [[binnenstad]]

+ * [[binnenplaats]]

+ * [[binnenvaart]]

+ * [[binnenvetter]]

+ * [[binnenin]]

+ * [[vanbinnen]]

+ * [[binnenst]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[in]]

+ * [[buiten]]

+ * [[boven]]

+ * [[beneden]]

+ * [[de|binnen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Te binnen schieten'' means to come to mind.^(Wiktionary) The old genitive after ''binnen'' survives in a number of fixed expressions.^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}