pendeo Latin · revision 3726

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(s)pend-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɛn.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpɛn.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pendeō''' (present infinitive pendēre, perfect active pependī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the stative verb beside [[pendo|alt=pendō]] “to hang up, weigh, pay”, as [[iaceo|alt=iaceō]] is beside [[iacio|alt=iaciō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) The root is [[itc-pro|*pend-]], from [[ine-pro|*(s)pend-|t=to stretch]], also seen in [[pondus]] “weight”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Compare [[lt|spę́sti|t=to set a trap]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) whose slave says “the man in love is wretched” and is answered “the man who hangs is more wretched”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to hang or be suspended, to be strung up for punishment, as in Plautus, and to hang in the balance, so that something depended on a slight change.^(OLD 2012) It was used of hanging on someone's neck in an embrace, as in Virgil, of hanging garments and hair, of structures supported over a void, and of things perched high or floating in the air or on water.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Figuratively it meant to be suspended or interrupted, as Virgil's “the works hang interrupted”, to be undecided, to be in suspense, as Plautus' “I have been in suspense too long”, and to depend on something.^(OLD 2012) English ''pendant'' and ''pending'' come from it through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of hanging and of suspense.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of hanging fringes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of safety depending on hope.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of an embrace and of interrupted works.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''pendant'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hang]], be suspended.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be strung up (for punishment).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hang in the balance; to weigh.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hang (on someone's neck).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of clothes, hair)'' To hang down.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To overhang; to be perched high.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hover, float.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be suspended, interrupted.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be uncertain, undecided.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be in suspense.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To depend (on).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[appendeo]]

+ * [[circumpendeō]]

+ * [[dēpendeō]]

+ * [[impendeō]]

+ * [[interpensīua]]

+ * [[pendigo]]

+ * [[pendulus]]

+ * [[pēnsilis]]

+ * [[praependeō]]

+ * [[prōpendeō]]

+ * [[superpendeō]]

+ * [[pendēns]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pendō]]

+ * [[en|pendant]]

+ * [[en|pending]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''haerere'', to stick fast, from ''pendere'', to be held up and prevented from falling.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}