vermoorden Dutch · revision 37259

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1285, Middle Dutch (West Flanders)|origins=ine-pro *mer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /vərˈmoːr.də(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vermoorden'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|vermorden]], [[af|dum|ver-|morden|t2=to murder]], the verb now spelled [[moorden]] with the prefix [[ver-]].^(VMNW)^(MNW)^(WNT)^(Wiktionary) The same formation is [[gml|vormorden]] and [[gmh|vermürden]] (also ⟨vermorden⟩), while modern German uses [[m|de|ermorden]].^(MNW)^(WNT)

+

+ The verb belongs to [[moord]], which goes back through [[odt|morth]] to [[gem-pro|*murþą|t=murder]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013) The sense “murder” is specific to Germanic: the Indo-European source [[m|ine-pro|*mr̥tós|alt=*mr-to-|t=dead, mortal]] is an adjective, from the root [[m|ine-pro|*mer-|t=to die]], as in [[la|mortuus|t=dead]], [[grc|βροτός|tr=brotós|t=mortal]] and [[sa|अमृत|tr=amṛ́ta|t=immortal]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb is first recorded in West Flanders in 1285, in a rhymed Bible history: ''Die van ascalon hebbent vermord der iueden van harre pord'' 2,500, “those of Ascalon murdered 2,500 of the Jews of their town”.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used ''vermorden'' for killing treacherously or foully, and by extension for treating someone shamefully or ruining a thing: an early 14th-century Flemish text complains of poets who ''vraye ystoriën vermorden met sconen rime'', “murder true histories with fine rhyme”.^(MNW) Kiliaan's dictionary glosses it with Latin ''trucidare''.^(MNW)

+

+ The reflexive ''zich vermoorden'' meant to commit suicide (1542).^(WNT) The sense “to spoil, destroy” of physical things is long obsolete but survived in Flemish dialects, as did the similes ''zwijgen als vermoord'', to be utterly silent, and ''schreeuwen of ge vermoord werd''.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) The oath ''God, vermoord mij (als ik niet …)!'' began as a pious formula calling for instant punishment if one lied.^(Van Sterkenburg 2001)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1285 – Middle Dutch ''vermord'' “murdered” in West Flanders.^(VMNW)

+ * 1301 – ''Vermorden'' of spoiling a true story with fine rhyme.^(MNW)

+ * 1542 – Reflexive ''haer vermoert'' “killed herself”.^(WNT)

+ * 1583 – Death boasts of having murdered many hundred thousand people.^(WNT)

+ * 1695 – ''Vermoorden van de landen'' “ruining the land” in a text on peat digging.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|murder]], to kill deliberately and violently.^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To destroy, ruin or put an end to something.^(WikiWoordenboek)^(WNT)

+ # ''(reflexive, dated)'' ''Zich vermoorden'': to commit [[m|en|suicide]].^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vermoording]]

+ * [[vermoorder]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[moord]]

+ * [[moorden]]

+ * [[moordenaar]]

+ * [[en|murder]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}