eten Dutch · revision 37255

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *h₁ed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈeː.tə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''eten''' (past participle ''gegeten'')^(WNT)^(EWN)

+ As a noun, ''het eten'' is neuter and uncountable, with the diminutive ''etentje''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|eten]], [[inh|odt|etan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*etan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*etaną|t=to eat]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same verb is [[osx|etan]], [[goh|ezzan]] (modern [[de|essen]]), [[ofs|eta]], [[ang|etan]] (modern [[en|eat]]), [[non|eta]] (modern [[sv|äta]]) and [[got|𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=itan]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) It continues [[ine-pro|*h₁édti|t=eats]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*h₁ed-|t=to eat]], which also gave [[la|edō]], [[grc|ἔδω|tr=édō]], [[lt|ėsti]] and [[hit|ed-]], all meaning “to eat”.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(De Vries 1971) The Philippa dictionary thinks [[tand]] may belong to the same root.^(EWN)

+

+ In most Germanic languages the past singular has an unusual long vowel, as in [[m|goh|āz]], [[m|ang|ǣt]] and [[m|non|át]]; this Germanic ⟨*ēt-⟩ matches the Latin perfect ⟨ēdī⟩ “I have eaten”.^(EWN) Whether Old Dutch had it is not known, because the Wachtendonck Psalms do not mark vowel length.^(EWN) The regular participle ⟨geëten⟩ was contracted to ⟨geten⟩, still normal in Middle Dutch and many dialects.^(EWN) From that form the standard language made a new participle ⟨gegeten⟩ with a second prefix.^(EWN) An old compound with the prefix ⟨ver-⟩ is [[vreten]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The noun ⟨het eten⟩ is usually treated as the infinitive used as a noun.^(VMNW)^(WNT)^(ONW) The Middle Dutch dictionary held it to be a separate formation with a noun suffix, pointing to a Middle Dutch plural ⟨etene⟩, and Franck–Van Wijk and De Vries match it with an Old Indic noun meaning “food”.^(MNW)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''te etoni'' “to eat” and ''at'' “he ate” are first found in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) The noun appears in the Egmond Williram of about 1100, where the throat carries ''thaz ezzan'' “the food” into the belly.^(ONW) Middle Dutch ''eten'' is recorded in a Lower Rhine text of 1201, ''her gaf eme to etene genueg'', “he gave him enough to eat”, and in the Limburg glossary of 1240.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 13th-century texts the noun meant both food and the meal itself: a Ghent rule of 1236 has the bell rung when the meal is ready.^(VMNW) To eat the Passover, ''paschen eten'', appears in 1291.^(VMNW) Figurative uses are old too: a Middle Dutch woman ''edt van rouwen hare herte'' “eats her heart out with grief”.^(MNW)

+

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal lists ''iets niet kunnen eten'', not to be able to stomach a thing (1615), ''stokvis eten'' “to get a beating”, and ''hooi over de balk eten'', to take more than one's share.^(WNT) As a noun, ''eten'' became the everyday word for food in speech and also means the main meal, as in ''ten eten vragen'', to invite someone to dinner.^(WNT) Bredero has ''iemand de oren van het hoofd eten'', to eat someone out of house and home.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ Afrikaans has the verb [[m|af|eet]] and the noun [[m|af|ete]].^(Wiktionary) Negerhollands ''jeet'', ''jit'' and ''yet'' passed into the English creole of the Virgin Islands, and in Petjo ''eten'' also means to take a piece at draughts.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''te etoni'' “to eat” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – The noun ''ezzan'' “food” in the Egmond Williram.^(ONW)

+ * 1201 – Middle Dutch ''to etene'' “to eat”, on the Lower Rhine.^(VMNW)

+ * 1236 – ''Dat eten'' “the meal” in a Ghent rule.^(VMNW)

+ * 1577 – ''Nae den eeten'' “after dinner”, of the midday meal.^(WNT)

+ * 1615 – ''Iets niet kunnen eten'' “not to stomach something”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|eat]], to take something as food: ''Wij eten vanavond vis.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To have a meal: ''Hoe laat eten jullie?''^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To get oneself into a state by eating: ''zich te barsten eten'', to eat until one can eat no more.^(ANW)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|food]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|meal]], especially the main meal of the day, [[m|en|dinner]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The act of eating.^(ANW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vreten]]

+ * [[avondeten]]

+ * [[etenstijd]]

+ * [[etenswaar]]

+ * [[middageten]]

+ * [[eetbaar]]

+ * [[eter]]

+ * [[eterij]]

+ * [[vleesetend]]

+ * [[menseneter]]

+ * [[opeten]]

+ * [[eetlust]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tand]]

+ * [[aas]]

+ * [[en|eat]]

+ * [[de|essen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Ergens kaas van gegeten hebben'' means to know about something from experience.^(Stoett 1923) ''Roet in het eten gooien'' is to spoil someone's plans.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}