probleem Dutch · revision 37254

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1648|origins=grc βάλλω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˌproːˈbleːm/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''probleem''' ''n'' (plural problemen, diminutive probleempje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|problēma|t=task, problem]], [[bor|grc|πρόβλημα|tr=próblēma|t=problem, obstacle, question to be solved]], literally “what is put forward”.^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries 1971) The Greek noun comes from [[m|grc|προβάλλω|tr=probállō|t=to put forward, propose]], formed with [[m|grc|πρό|tr=pró|t=before, forward]] and [[m|grc|βάλλω|tr=bállō|t=to throw]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(Wiktionary)

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+ Dutch first used the Latin form ⟨problema⟩.^(EWN)^(WNT) The form ending in ⟨-eem⟩ may have come through [[de|Problem]] (16th century) or [[fr|problème]] (about 1380).^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) De Vries and De Tollenaere derive it from German, and think the isolated ⟨probleme⟩ of 1650 was taken from French, perhaps only copied out of a French dictionary.^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|298)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is first recorded in 1648, in the Latin plural: a writer is glad to hear that mathematics is not wholly neglected, as shown by ''4 problemata'' solved geometrically.^(EWN)^(WNT)^(Van der Sijs 2001) The first sense was a problem set in mathematics.^(WNT)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the 19th century Dutch used only ''problema'' in the singular, at first of mathematics and its applications, later of the exact sciences and technology.^(WNT) In 1830 the union of North and South was called ''dat schoone problema'', a question to be resolved, and ''probleem'' itself appears in 1838 for problems of mathematics and mechanics.^(EWN) The general sense of a difficulty or social question followed: ''het probleem van de ongelijkheid'' in 1864, economic problems in 1902.^(EWN) In everyday use the word is also said, in jest, of a small complication that needs sorting out.^(WNT)

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+ Indonesian has ''problém'' or ''problema'', and Sranan Tongo ''problema'', from Dutch.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1648 – ''Problemata'' “mathematical problems” is first recorded.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1650 – The form ''probleme'' appears.^(EWN)

+ * 1830 – ''Problema'' is used of a political question.^(EWN)

+ * 1838 – The form ''probleem'' appears.^(EWN)

+ * 1864 – ''Het probleem van de ongelijkheid'', a social problem.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|problem]], a difficult or unwanted situation, a [[m|en|difficulty]]: ''Ze zit financieel in de problemen.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A question put forward to be solved, a [[m|en|puzzle]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[probleemstelling]]

+ * [[probleemloos]]

+ * [[probleemkind]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|problem]]

+ * [[fr|problème]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Geen probleem!'' is said when one is glad to do something for someone.^(Van Dale 2014) ''Een probleem aansnijden'', to raise a problem, translates French ''entamer une question''.^(Van der Sijs 2005) The plural is ''problemen''; the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal also records ''problemata''.^(WNT)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}