uur Dutch · revision 37252

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1240, Middle Dutch (Limburg)|origins=grc ὥρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /yr/, [yːr]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''uur''' ''n'' (plural uren, diminutive uurtje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|ure]], [[bor|la|hōra|t=hour, twelfth part of the day; period, season]], an early loan.^(EWN)^(WNT)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word was itself taken from [[grc|ὥρα|tr=hṓra|t=time, season, hour]] and is akin to [[jaar]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) In spoken Latin the classical ⟨ō⟩ was pronounced very close and fell together with ⟨ū⟩, which in Dutch did not become ⟨ui⟩ before ⟨r⟩.^(EWN) Franck–Van Wijk compare the vowel of [[kruin]] and [[moerbei]].^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ De Vries, Franck–Van Wijk and Van der Sijs take the word from the Romance form ⟨ora⟩ or [[fro|ore]] rather than straight from Latin.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|396) The Philippa dictionary thinks at least the sense “point of time” came from French, where it was common early.^(EWN) From Old French also comes [[en|hour]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) [[gml|ure]] meant “clock” as well from 1531, and passed in that sense into [[de|Uhr]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''ure'' is first recorded in the Limburg glossary of about 1240, where it glosses Latin ''hora'', a twelfth part of the day between sunrise and sunset.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) In the Middle Ages day and night each had twelve hours, so their length changed with the seasons.^(VMNW) By 1265–1270 the word also meant a moment, as in the hour of one's death.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 13th-century texts ''ure'' is also a canonical hour of prayer, a point of time, and an occasion.^(VMNW) An almanac of 1508 already counts 60 minutes in an hour, and a prayer of 1510 asks for help ''in die vre onser doot'', “in the hour of our death”.^(WNT) An ''uur gaans'', the distance one walks in an hour, appears in 1642.^(WNT) The longer form ''ure'' was used in all senses until the second half of the 19th century, and now survives only in set phrases such as ''te goeder ure''.^(WNT)

+

+ ''Ter elfder ure'', at the last moment, comes from the parable of the labourers in the vineyard (Matthew 20), where those hired at the eleventh hour are paid the same as the rest.^(Stoett 1923)^(Vercoullie 1925) Dutch Jews said ''in een goed uur zal ik het zeggen'', “may the hour be favourable”, after a Yiddish expression.^(Van de Kamp 2006)^(Beem 1975)

+

+ Danish, Norwegian and Swedish [[m|sv|ur]] “clock, watch” come from Dutch or Low German.^(Van der Sijs 2010) [[srn|yuru]] passed on into Saramaccan, Aukan and the Carib languages, Berbice Dutch had ''juru'', and Afrikaans [[m|af|uur]] gave Xhosa ''yure'' and Tswana ''iri''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1240 – Middle Dutch ''ure'' glosses Latin ''hora'' in Limburg.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1265–1270 – ''Ure'' in the sense “moment, hour of death”.^(EWN)

+ * 1508 – An hour is reckoned at 60 minutes.^(WNT)

+ * 1531 – Middle Low German ''ure'' also means “clock”.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+ * 1642 – ''Uren gaans'' “hours' walk” as a measure of distance.^(WNT)

+ * second half of the 19th century – The form ''ure'' gives way to ''uur'' outside set phrases.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|hour]], a twenty-fourth part of a day, sixty [[minuut|alt=minutes]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Another set period of time, such as a lesson: ''Het eerste uur hebben we wiskunde.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # The time shown on the clock, [[m|en|o'clock]]: ''om drie uur''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|moment]], a point in time: ''zijn uur is gekomen'', he is about to die.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # A measure of distance, as far as one walks or rides in an hour.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[kilowattuur]]

+ * [[lesuur]]

+ * [[spitsuur]]

+ * [[spreekuur]]

+ * [[tussenuur]]

+ * [[urenlang]]

+ * [[uurloon]]

+ * [[uurtarief]]

+ * [[uurwerk]]

+ * [[uurlijks]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[jaar]]

+ * [[en|hour]]

+ * [[de|Uhr]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Een uur in de wind stinken'' is to stink terribly.^(Van Dale 2014) In older Dutch the word was feminine, ''de ure''; it is now neuter, ''het uur''.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT) A dialect ''uur'' “udder” is a form of [[uier]].^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}