surgo Latin · revision 3725

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₃reǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsʊr.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsur.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''surgō''' (present infinitive surgere, perfect active surrēxī, supine surrēctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a contracted form of [[subrigo|alt=subrigō]], which is [[af|la|sub-|rego|alt2=regō|t2=to direct, keep straight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[inh|itc-pro|*reg-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃reǵ-e/o-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Livius Andronicus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus someone says “get up, I'll sit there”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to rise to one's feet, to get up from bed, as Cato's bailiff who must be first to rise and last to bed, and to rouse oneself to action, as Virgil's Etruria rising in just fury.^(OLD 2012) Of heavenly bodies it meant to rise above the horizon, of mist and water to rise up, of buildings to rise, as Virgil's “happy those whose walls already rise”, and of plants to spring up.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It was used of the sea swelling, of winds freshening, and of circumstances or rumours developing, as Caelius' great rumour that arose.^(OLD 2012) In Christian Latin its compound ''resurgere'' meant “to rise from the dead”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) French ''sourdre'' “to rise” came from it, and through it English ''source'' and ''surge''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280/260 – before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of getting up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of rising from bed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of rising walls and winds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English ''source'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|rise]], get up, stand up.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To get up (from bed).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To rise up (against), take action.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of heavenly bodies)'' To rise.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of mist, water)'' To rise up.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of buildings)'' To rise; to tower.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of plants)'' To spring up.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of the sea, winds)'' To swell; to freshen.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of events)'' To arise, develop.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[assurgō]]

+ * [[circumsurgō]]

+ * [[cōnsurgō]]

+ * [[dēsurgō]]

+ * [[exsurgō]]

+ * [[īnsurgō]]

+ * [[praesurgo]]

+ * [[resurgō]]

+ * [[subrēctus]]

+ * [[prōsurgō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rego]]

+ * [[en|source]]

+ * [[en|surge]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}