natuurlijk Dutch · revision 37249

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1240, Middle Dutch (Limburg)|origins=la nāscor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /naːˈtyrlək/, [naːˈtyːrlək]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''natuurlijk''' (comparative natuurlijker, superlative natuurlijkst)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|natuurlijc]], formed [[af|nl|natuur|-lijk]] in Middle Dutch: the noun [[natuur]] with the adjective suffix that also makes [[vriendelijk]] and [[eerlijk]].^(VMNW)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek) The adverb was ⟨natuurlike⟩.^(VMNW)^(MNW) The noun came into Middle Dutch in the early 13th century from [[la|nātūra|t=nature, the course of things, character]], perhaps partly through [[fro|nature]]; the Latin noun is made from [[m|la|nātus|t=born]], the participle of [[m|la|nāscor|t=to be born]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ Adjectives of the same make appear in the neighbouring languages: [[goh|natūrlīh]], [[gmh|natūrlich]] (modern [[de|natürlich]]) and [[gml|natūrlīk]].^(MNW)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Verdam compares them with [[la|nātūrālis]] and [[fr|naturel]].^(MNW) The informal [[tuurlijk]] “of course” is a clipping of the adverb.^(WNT)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The adverb comes first: ''naturleke'' glosses Latin ''naturaliter'' “by nature” in a Limburg word list of 1240.^(VMNW) The adjective follows in a text from the Lower Rhine of 1270, which says that no warmth is so natural to a child as that under the wing of its ''naturliker moder'', its own mother, and in West Flemish texts of 1285–1287, where ''naturliker clergien'' is natural science.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used the word for what concerns nature, what nature produces or prescribes, and what is innate; a ''natuurlike dach'' was a full day and night of 24 hours, and ''natuurlijc recht'' was natural law.^(MNW)^(VMNW) Of children it first meant “one's own” as against adopted, a sense the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal calls obsolete by the 17th century, and then “born out of wedlock”, as in a 1601 mention of ''natuyrlijcke broeder'' Justinus of Nassau, the illegitimate brother of Prince Maurice.^(WNT) A ruler could be one's ''natuerlijcken prince'', one's lord by birth (1566).^(WNT)

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+ The adverb meant “by nature” and “of itself”.^(WNT) In the 19th century it came to mean “as one would expect”, and by 1865 a bare ''natuurlijk'' could answer a question whose answer was obvious, the main use of the word in speech today.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) Mathematics took it up in ''natuurlijke getallen'' and the ''natuurlijke logaritme''.^(Van Dale 2014) The clipped ''tuurlijk'' is recorded from 1952.^(WNT)

+

+ Dutch speakers took the adverb to the East and West Indies: Negerhollands had ''natuurlik'' and ''natierlig'', Petjo and Javindo ''natierlek'', and older Indonesian ''natirlek'' “of course”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1240 – The adverb ''naturleke'' glosses Latin ''naturaliter'' in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * 1270 – The adjective appears on the Lower Rhine, in ''naturliker moder'' “natural mother”.^(VMNW)

+ * 1373 – ''Naturlic recht'', natural law, allows a man to defend his life.^(MNW)

+ * 1566 – A ''natuerlijcken prince'' is a ruler by birth.^(WNT)

+ * 1601 – ''Natuyrlijcke broeder'' “illegitimate brother”.^(WNT)

+ * 1865 – A bare ''natuurlijk'' answers an obvious question.^(WNT)

+ * 1952 – The clipping ''tuurlijk'' is first recorded.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Relating to [[m|en|nature]].^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Produced by nature, not artificial: ''natuurlijk gas'' from the ground, a ''natuurlijke grens'' formed by a river or mountains.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # In keeping with nature, [[m|en|innate]]; unaffected, [[m|en|unforced]]: ''Ze lachte heel natuurlijk.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+ # As may be expected, normal: ''Dat is een natuurlijke reactie.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' Simple, basic, in ''natuurlijke getallen'' “natural numbers” and ''natuurlijke logaritme'' “natural logarithm”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(euphemistic)'' Of a child: born out of wedlock.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|naturally]], in a natural way.^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+ # [[m|en|of course]], obviously: ''Natuurlijk kom ik morgen.''^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tuurlijk]]

+ * [[natuurlijkheid]]

+ * [[onnatuurlijk]]

+ * [[natuurlijkerwijs]]

+ * [[doodnatuurlijk]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[natuur]]

+ * [[de|natürlich]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}