snel Dutch · revision 37244

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1240, Middle Dutch (Limburg)|origins=gem-pro *snellaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /snɛl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''snel''' (comparative sneller, superlative snelst)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|snel]], [[inh|odt|*snel]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*snell]], [[inh|gem-pro|*snellaz|t=quick, bold]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Orel 2003) The same word is [[osx|snel]], [[goh|snel]] (modern [[de|schnell]]), [[ang|snell]] (dialectal [[en|snell]]) and [[non|snjallr]] (modern [[sv|snäll|t=kind]]).^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) They all meant “nimble, quick” at first; in North Germanic the meaning moved strongly towards “brave, clever, kind”.^(EWN)^(Orel 2003) The Old Dutch form is reconstructed from [[fro|isnel|t=quick, nimble]], recorded in 1080, which came from Frankish, as did [[it|snello]].^(ONW)^(EWN)^(MNW)

+

+ Its further origin is unknown.^(EWN)^(Orel 2003) Franck–Van Wijk, De Vries and others trace the ⟨ll⟩ to an older ⟨dl⟩, and Van Haeringen took the Old Ghent place name ⟨Snethlingehem⟩ beside ⟨Snellingehem⟩ as proof of such a form;^(EWN)^(Van Haeringen 1936)^(De Vries 1971) Heidermanns thinks it unlikely.^(EWN)^(Van Haeringen 1936)^(De Vries 1971) Ritter connected that form with the verb [[m|gem-pro|*snīþaną|t=to cut]] ([[snijden]]); Hammerich preferred an expressive doubling.^(Orel 2003)^(De Vries 1971)^(Wiktionary) The verb [[snellen]] “to hasten” was made from the adjective.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''snel'' is first recorded in a Limburg word list of 1240, glossing Latin ''velox'' and ''volucer'' “swift” and ''impiger'' “energetic”.^(VMNW)^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) A Brabant text of 1276 has ''met snellen lope'' “at a quick run”.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used the word for people and animals that were fast or nimble, for heroes as “bold, brisk”, and sometimes for the rash and thoughtless.^(MNW)^(VMNW)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) In 1931 the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal still found it unusual in northern colloquial speech and limited to a few senses in the south; it is now the everyday word for “fast”.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014)

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+ In Flanders ''snel'' also means “pretty, handsome”, through the sense “brisk, lively”.^(Debrabandere 2002)^(Debrabandere 2005) De Vries thought this sense old, since Flemish settlers took it in the 12th century to the area of Filehne and Deutsch-Krone, where German ''schnell'' means the same.^(De Vries 1971) In the 1960s the word became slang for “trendy, hip”, recorded in 1966, and ''een snelle jongen'' is a slick young man.^(Reinsma 1975)^(Van Dale 2014) ''Al is de leugen nog zo snel, de waarheid achterhaalt haar wel'', “however fast a lie may be, the truth will overtake it”, is a 17th-century proverb, found in Visscher and Cats.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ Indonesian ''senél'' “fast” comes from Dutch, as does Jakarta Malay ''kereta api senèl'' “express train”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1080 – Old French ''isnel'', borrowed from Frankish, is recorded.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * 1240 – Middle Dutch ''snel'' glosses Latin ''velox'' in Limburg.^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1276 – ''Met snellen lope'' “at a quick run”, in Brabant.^(VMNW)

+ * 1348 – The verb ''snellen''.^(EWN)

+ * 1602 – The deer is called the fastest animal in the world.^(WNT)

+ * 1966 – ''Snel'' “trendy” in the magazine ''Hitweek''.^(Reinsma 1975)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|fast]], [[m|en|quick]], taking little time: ''een snelle auto''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' [[m|en|trendy]], smart, flashy;^(Van Dale 2014)^(Reinsma 1975) ''een snelle jongen'' is a slick operator.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Reinsma 1975)

+ # ''(Flanders)'' Pretty, handsome.^(Debrabandere 2002)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Quickly: ''Ze liep snel naar de bushalte.''^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[snelheid]]

+ * [[snellen]]

+ * [[versnellen]]

+ * [[bliksemsnel]]

+ * [[pijlsnel]]

+ * [[snelschrijver]]

+ * [[snelvoetig]]

+ * [[sneltrein]]

+ * [[snelverkeer]]

+ * [[snelbinder]]

+ * [[snelkookpan]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[de|schnell]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A noun ''snel'' or ''snelle'' “drinking jug, beaker”, recorded from 1627 and still used in the south, is probably the adjective used as a noun;^(WNT)^(Debrabandere 2010)^(Debrabandere 2011) Kiliaan explained it as a cup that is quickly emptied.^(WNT)^(Debrabandere 2010)^(Debrabandere 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}