naam Dutch · revision 37236

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *h₁nómn̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /naːm/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''naam''' ''m'' (plural namen, diminutive naampje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|name]], [[inh|odt|namo]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*namō]], [[inh|gem-pro|*namô|t=name]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[osx|namo]], [[goh|namo]] (modern [[de|Name]]), [[ofs|nama]] (modern [[fy|namme]]), [[ang|nama]] (modern [[en|name]]), [[non|nafn]] (modern [[sv|namn]], [[da|navn]]) and [[got|𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉|tr=namō]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) The Gothic and Norse nouns keep the older neuter gender.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT)

+

+ It is the Indo-European word for “name”, reconstructed by Wiktionary as [[ine-pro|*h₁nómn̥]] and by the EWN and Kroonen as ⟨*h₃néh₃-mn⟩, genitive ⟨*h₃nh₃-mén-s⟩.^(Wiktionary)^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[la|nōmen]], [[grc|ὄνομα|tr=ónoma]] (in Doric [[m|grc|ὄνυμα|tr=ónuma]]), [[sa|नामन्|tr=nā́man]], [[prg|emmens]], [[cu|имѧ|tr=imę]] (modern [[ru|имя|tr=ímja]]), [[sga|ainm]] and [[hit|lāman]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Kroonen 2013) The Greek form is the source of [[anoniem]], [[homoniem]] and [[synoniem]].^(EWN) Kroonen explains the Germanic vowel from the zero grade of the root, in which the laryngeal became a vowel.^(Kroonen 2013) The verb [[noemen]] is related.^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''namo'' appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century, as in ''si namo sin geuuigit an uueroldi'' “blessed be his name for ever”.^(EWN)^(ONW) The psalms already use it for “fame, reputation” as well as for a proper name.^(ONW) In Middle Dutch it is found in Limburg about 1200, and the date of Van der Sijs's chronological dictionary is 1236.^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle Dutch used ''name'' for good or bad repute (''van bosen name'' “of ill repute”, 1240), in oaths and prayers (''in godes name'', 1265–1270), and in ''met namen'' or ''bi namen'' “by name, expressly; namely”.^(EWN)^(VMNW) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal adds the biblical uses in which ''Gods naam'' stands for God himself, and a Latinism in which ''de Spaanse naam'' means “the Spanish, everything Spanish”.^(WNT) Among Dutch Jews ''de Naam'' is God, translating the Hebrew ''Hasjem''.^(Van de Kamp 2006) The oath ''bij de heilige naam van God'' seems to be a translation of French ''par le nom de Dieu''.^(Van Sterkenburg 2001)

+

+ Proverbs with the word include ''een goede naam is beter dan olie'', from Ecclesiastes 7:1, and ''het kind bij zijn naam noemen'', to call a spade a spade, parallel to German ''das Kind beim rechten Namen nennen''.^(Stoett 1923) ''Mijn naam is haas'' “I know nothing about it” translates German ''mein Name ist Hase''.^(Van der Sijs 2005)

+

+ Dutch passed the word on to Negerhollands (''naam''), Berbice Dutch (''nam''), Sarnami (''nám'') and Van der Sijs also lists Indonesian and Kupang Malay ''nama''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''namo'' “name” and “reputation” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * c. 1200 – Middle Dutch ''name'' in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * 1236 – The date in Van der Sijs's chronological dictionary.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1240 – ''Van bosen name'' “of ill repute”.^(EWN)

+ * 1265–1270 – ''In godes name'' “in God's name”.^(EWN)

+ * 1290 – ''Met namen'' “expressly”.^(EWN)

+ * 1688 – ''Met name'' “by the name of”, in a Bible text.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|name]], the word by which a person, place or thing is known: ''hoe is je naam?''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # [[m|en|reputation]], fame: ''een goede naam hebben''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # In phrases: ''met name'' “especially, in particular”, ''in naam van'' “on behalf of”.^(WNT)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[voornaam]]

+ * [[achternaam]]

+ * [[bijnaam]]

+ * [[familienaam]]

+ * [[eigennaam]]

+ * [[koosnaam]]

+ * [[schuilnaam]]

+ * [[naamval]]

+ * [[naamwoord]]

+ * [[naamloos]]

+ * [[naamgenoot]]

+ * [[naamdag]]

+ * [[gelijknamig]]

+ * [[godsnaam]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[noemen]]

+ * [[anoniem]]

+ * [[synoniem]]

+ * [[en|name]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Het beestje bij zijn naam noemen'' is to say plainly what something is.^(Van Dale 2014) A separate Middle Dutch ''name'' “a taking; plunder” comes from [[nemen]].^(MNW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}