vergeten Dutch · revision 37228

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *gʰed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /vərˈɣeːtə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vergeten'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|vergeten]], [[inh|odt|fargetan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*fragetan]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) It is formed with the prefix [[ver-]] from a verb [[gem-pro|*getaną|t=to get]] that is not attested on its own in Dutch, so that it first meant “to lose (from memory)”.^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|403) The same verb is [[osx|fargetan]], [[goh|firgezzan]] (modern [[de|vergessen]]), [[ofs|urjeta]] (modern [[fy|ferjitte]]) and [[ang|forgietan]] (modern [[en|forget]]).^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) Without the prefix only [[non|geta|t=to obtain]] has it, the source of [[m|en|get]]; with another prefix there is [[got|𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=bigitan|t=to find, get]].^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ The root is [[ine-pro|*gʰed-|t=to seize]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) Its nasal present gave [[beginnen]], [[la|prehendō|t=to grasp]], [[grc|χανδάνω|tr=khandánō|t=to hold, contain]] and [[sq|gjej|alt=gjen|t=to find]].^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) [[gissen]] belongs to the same family.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''fargetan'' first appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century, in ''ne reslag thu sia, that noh uuanne ne fargetin folk min'' “do not slay them, lest my people ever forget”.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Middle Dutch ''vergeten'' is recorded in Limburg around 1200, and a text from the Lower Rhine of 1253 says that eggs are healthy and that one must not forget the mustard.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The participle ''vergeten'' was used as an adjective meaning “forgetful” and “unconscious” in a Limburg word list of 1240, which glosses Latin ''obliviosus'' and ''letargus'' with it.^(VMNW)^(MNW) In early modern Dutch the verb came to mean “to leave behind” (a sheaf in the field, 1526), “to fail to do” one's duty (1607) and “to pass over” someone in a will (1630); ''zich vergeten'', to lose control of oneself, is recorded in 1610.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+

+ ''Vergeet-mij-niet'' is a loan translation of German ''Vergissmeinnicht'' of the 15th century, itself perhaps a translation of Old French; in 1546 it named the speedwell, and later the forget-me-not ''Myosotis''.^(EWN)^(WNT) ''Iets maar vergeten'', to put a thing out of one's head, was taken from English ''to forget about'' in the 1960s.^(Reinsma 1975)

+

+ The verb went into Negerhollands, Berbice Dutch (''frugete''), Sranan Tongo (''frigiti'') and other creoles, and Swedish [[m|sv|förgäta]] came from Dutch or Low German.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''fargetin'' “should forget” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1200 – Middle Dutch ''vergeten'' is first recorded, in Limburg.^(VMNW)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|403)

+ * 1240 – ''Vergeten'' glosses Latin ''oblivisci''.^(VMNW)

+ * 1526 – ''Vergeten'' “to leave behind” a sheaf in the field.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+ * 1546 – ''Vergeet mi niet'' names the speedwell.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+ * 1610 – Reflexive ''zich vergeten'' “to lose control of oneself”.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+ * 1839 – ''Vergeet-mij-nietjes'' are forget-me-nots.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|forget]], to lose from memory.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fail to do or to mention: ''ik ben vergeten de deur op slot te doen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stop thinking of, to put out of one's mind: ''vergeet het maar!'', forget it!^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To leave behind, to forget to take: ''hij vergat zijn paraplu''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''zich vergeten'', to lose control of oneself.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[onvergetelijk]]

+ * [[vergeetachtig]]

+ * [[vergetel]]

+ * [[vergetelijk]]

+ * [[vergetelboek]]

+ * [[godvergeten]]

+ * [[vergeethoek]]

+ * [[vergeet-mij-niet]]

+ * [[vergeetput]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gissen]]

+ * [[beginnen]]

+ * [[en|forget]]

+ * [[de|vergessen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The perfect is formed with ''zijn'' or ''hebben'': ''ik ben'' or ''ik heb het vergeten''; the use of ''zijn'' spread from the 19th century without a difference in meaning.^(WNT) ''Vergeten en vergeven'' seals a reconciliation.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}