hallo Dutch · revision 37221

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1840}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɦɑˈloː/, [ɦɑ̝-], [ɦɒ̝-]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Netherlands: [ɦɑˈlöʊ̯], [ɦä-], [ɦa-]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Belgium: [ɦɑˈloː], [ɦä-]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hallo''' (interjection); as a noun ''de'' or ''het hallo'', plural ''hallo's'', diminutive ''hallootje''^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[bor|en|hallo]] in its American use, taken over together with the telephone in the late 19th century.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal noted in 1897 that the word was very common at the telephone, and [[fr|allô]], older ⟨hallo⟩ (1881), came from American English in the same way.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+

+ The English word had the variants [[m|en|hello]], [[m|en|hullo]], earlier [[m|en|hillo]], and [[m|en|holla]] and [[m|en|hollo]] (1588), all shouts to attract attention or of surprise.^(EWN) They are usually traced to [[frm|holà|t=hey there]] (about 1350), but [[gmh|holā]] already existed, whence German [[m|de|hallo]] (15th century), which some explain as the imperative of a verb meaning “fetch” called to a ferryman, and Barnhart's dictionary sees in these shouts a natural formation that arose in several languages.^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) De Vries instead saw in the Dutch word the stressed imperative of [[halen]] “to fetch”, a call of bargemen later used at the telephone.^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) The Philippa dictionary rejects the idea that it is a variant of [[m|nl|allo|t=come on]], from [[m|fr|allons]].^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Hallo!'' is first recorded in 1840 in Bomhoff's English–Dutch dictionary, as a translation of English ''halloo'', and ''hallo roepen'' in Hooiberg's of 1843, both without saying how the word was used.^(EWN) In 1884 a poem in the Groene Amsterdammer uses ''hallo, hallo'' to call for attention, and in 1897 the word is recorded as a greeting.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal (1897) describes ''hallo'' as a shout to catch someone's attention, such as a skipper's call to a bridge keeper, and as a noun for the shout itself.^(WNT) It also records the retort ''hallo is opgehangen'', “hallo has been hanged”, for someone who calls “hallo!” too impatiently.^(WNT) Van der Sijs dates the greeting to 1909, and Van Veen and Van der Sijs to 1901–1925.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ Today it is an informal greeting, the word for answering the telephone, a call for attention and, often with a different stress, an exclamation of surprise or of “isn't that obvious?”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) The diminutive ''hallootje'' is a quick, friendly greeting.^(Wiktionary) Dutch passed the word on to Indonesian and Minangkabau (''halo'', on the telephone), and Papiamentu ''haló'' and Swedish ''hallå'' come from Dutch or another language; from Swedish it reached Finnish as ''haloo''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1840 – ''Hallo!'' translates English ''halloo'' in Bomhoff's dictionary.^(EWN)

+ * 1843 – ''Hallo roepen'' in Hooiberg's dictionary.^(EWN)

+ * 1884 – ''Hallo, hallo'' calls for attention in a poem.^(EWN)

+ * 1897 – ''Hallo'' as a greeting, and as the usual word at the telephone.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+ * 1909 – The interjection is dated here by the Chronologisch woordenboek.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Interjection===

+ # [[m|en|hello]]: an informal greeting.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A call to attract someone's attention.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Said when answering the [[telefoon]] or calling over the radio.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # An exclamation of surprise, or of irritation that something is obvious.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A greeting or shout of ''hallo''; in the diminutive ''hallootje'', a quick, friendly greeting.^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[halloën]]

+ * [[hallootjes]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|hello]]

+ * [[de|hallo]]

+ * [[fr|allô]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}