buiten Dutch · revision 37217

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=944, Old Dutch (in a place name; copy of 1150–58)|origins=gem-pro *ūtana}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈbœy̯.tə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''buiten''' (adverb, preposition); noun ''het buiten'', plural ''buitens'', diminutive ''buitentje''^(Wiktionary)

+ In Belgium it is also a noun ''de buiten'' “the countryside”.^(Van Dale 2014) The Zaan dialect has a short form ''buit'', made as ''bin'' beside ''binnen''.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|bûten]], [[inh|odt|būtan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*biūtan|t=outside of, without, except]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(ONW) It was formed with the Germanic prefix [[m|gem-pro|*bi-]] (see [[be-]]) and [[gem-pro|*ūtana|t=outside, from outside]], an adverb made from the word that is now [[uit]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Middle Dutch had no descendant of the simple form, unlike [[beneden]], beside which it still had [[m|dum|neden]].^(EWN) [[binnen|alt=Binnen]] and [[boven]] were formed in the same way.^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|90)

+

+ The prefixed word is found only in the North Sea Germanic languages: [[osx|biūtan]], ⟨būtan⟩, [[ofs|būta]] (modern [[fy|bûten]]) and [[ang|būtan]], the source of [[en|but]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) The simple adverb is [[m|osx|ūtan]], [[goh|ūzan]] (modern [[de|außen]]), [[m|ang|ūtan]], [[non|útan]] and [[got|𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰|tr=ūtana]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) Its ending ⟨-ana⟩ originally expressed direction.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word first appears as part of a place name, ''Butensteneha'', in a document of 944 known from a copy of 1150–58, and ''Butenburch'' in Veurne is recorded in 1120.^(ONW)^(EWN) As an ordinary word it is first found in the Middle Dutch Aiol of 1220–40, in ''buten der stat'' “outside the town”, both as adverb and preposition.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides the place sense, “outside, out of”, the preposition came to mean “not involved in” (''buiten dienst'' “out of service”), “except” and “without” (''buiten adem'' “out of breath”).^(Van Dale 2014) English [[m|en|but]] grew out of the same “except” sense into a conjunction, which Old Saxon used only with ''that'' and ''sô''.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(EWN)

+

+ As a neuter noun, ''het buiten'' is a country house with its grounds, recorded from 1784, and in Belgium ''de buiten'' is the countryside.^(WNT)^(Van Dale 2014) Among Amsterdam Jews ''buiten'' meant all the Jewish communities of the Netherlands outside Amsterdam, and ''naar buiten gaan'' was to visit the Jewish cemetery, which lay outside the town.^(Beem 1974)^(Van de Kamp 2006)

+

+ Dutch carried the word overseas: [[srn|boiti]] means “outside, except, country estate, countryside”, and it passed on into Saramaccan and Caribbean Hindustani;^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Negerhollands had ''bittie'' and ''bytten'' and Berbice Dutch ''bitmo''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary) Danish sailors' language took it in compounds as ''bøjten-''.^(Van der Sijs 2010) Afrikaans has [[m|af|buite]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 944 – ''Butensteneha'', a place name with the word, is recorded (in a copy of 1150–58).^(ONW)^(EWN)

+ * 1120 – ''Butenburch'' in Veurne is recorded.^(ONW)

+ * 1220–40 – The Aiol has ''buten der stat'' “outside the town”, the first use as adverb and preposition.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1236 – The preposition appears in a charter from Ghent.^(VMNW)

+ * 1784 – ''Buiten'' as a noun, “country house”, is recorded.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|outside]], [[m|en|outdoors]], not in a building or not within given limits: ''De kinderen spelen buiten.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # outside (of), out of: ''buiten de stad wonen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # not involved in, apart from: ''iets buiten beschouwing laten''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # [[m|en|except]], apart from.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # besides, in addition to.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # [[m|en|without]], lacking: ''buiten adem''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(het)'' a country house with its grounds, an [[m|en|estate]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(de, Belgium, informal)'' the [[m|en|countryside]]: ''op de buiten wonen''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[buitenland]]

+ * [[buitenlands]]

+ * [[buitenlander]]

+ * [[buitenkant]]

+ * [[buitenlucht]]

+ * [[buitenshuis]]

+ * [[buitengewoon]]

+ * [[buitenaards]]

+ * [[buitenstaander]]

+ * [[buitenspel]]

+ * [[buitenissig]]

+ * [[buitenschools]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[binnen]]

+ * [[beneden]]

+ * [[boven]]

+ * [[uit]]

+ * [[en|but]]

+ * [[de|außen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''De bloemetjes buiten zetten'' means to celebrate in high style;^(Stoett 1923)^(Van Dale 2014) Stoett explains it as dressing up with flowers.^(Stoett 1923)^(Van Dale 2014) ''Ga buiten spelen!'' is used to tell someone to go away.^(Van Sterkenburg 2001) Separate verbs ''buiten'' “to exchange, barter”, old in the east and kept in ''ruilebuiten'', and ''buiten'' “to plunder”, from [[buit]] and the base of [[vrijbuiter]], have the same spelling.^(WNT)^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}