veel Dutch · revision 37179

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *pélh₁u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /veːl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''veel''' (comparative meer, superlative meest)^(Wiktionary)

+ Many eastern and southern dialects have the rounded form ''veul''.^(De Vries 1971)^(WNT) The comparative and superlative come from another stem, ''meer'' and ''meest'', though a regional ''veulste'' was recorded in the Neder-Betuwe in 1885.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|vele]], [[inh|odt|filo]], [[inh|gem-pro|*felu|t=much, a lot]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[osx|filu]], [[goh|filu]] (modern [[de|viel]]), [[ofs|felo]], [[ang|fela]], [[non|fjǫl-]] (only in compounds) and [[got|𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿|tr=filu]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Kroonen 2013) Outside Germanic it is related to [[grc|πολύς|tr=polús|t=much]], [[sa|पुरु|tr=purú|t=much]] and [[sga|il|t=much]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|400) They go back to [[ine-pro|*pélh₁u-]], a ⟨u⟩-stem of the root [[m|ine-pro|*pleh₁-|t=to fill]], which also gave [[vol]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ Kroonen explains the vowel difference between the Greek and the Germanic forms by an ablauting Indo-European paradigm, and thinks the Proto-Germanic word was at first used only in the neuter, followed by a noun in the genitive.^(Kroonen 2013) He takes Old Frisian ⟨fule⟩ and the Dutch dialect form ⟨veul⟩ to continue the zero grade of the root.^(Kroonen 2013) Van Ginneken thought instead that rounded forms of this kind spread from South Holland.^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ The word was at first a noun meaning “a large quantity”, followed by a partitive genitive and later by a phrase with [[van]].^(EWN) In that use it is now treated as an indefinite numeral.^(EWN) Early on it also took on a weakened adverbial sense “to a great degree”, first with adjectives and adverbs and later with verbs, as in the other continental West Germanic languages.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest Dutch records are 10th-century adverbial compounds in the Wachtendonck Psalms, ''filohardo'' “very violently” and ''filoberht'' “very bright”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) The noun ''filo'' “a great number” appears around 1100 in the Egmond copy of Williram's paraphrase of the Song of Songs, which speaks of pomegranates “that have many seeds” (''thie uilo cornelino hauent'').^(EWN)^(ONW) Middle Dutch ''vele'' is recorded in Ghent in 1236.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the adverb could also mean “often”: a health rule of 1253 advises ''Slap luttel ende bade vele'', “sleep little and bathe often”.^(EWN)^(VMNW) With a comparative it meant “much”, as in ''vele bat dan'' “much better than” (1265–1270), and the shortened form ''veel'' appears in the last quarter of the 13th century.^(EWN) From it were formed ''veelal'' “usually” (1475), with [[al]] as an intensifier, and ''veeleer'' “rather” (1573), with [[eer]] in the sense “sooner”.^(EWN)

+

+ The Amsterdam Jewish saying ''weet ik veel!'' “what do I know!”, used to say that one knows little about a matter or does not want to discuss it, was recorded by Stoett, with examples from the early 20th century.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ Dutch speakers took the word abroad: it lives on in Afrikaans [[m|af|veel]], and in Negerhollands ''veel'', Berbice Dutch ''fele'' and Javindo ''feel'' or ''peel''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''filo'' appears in the compounds ''filohardo'' and ''filoberht'' in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – The noun ''filo'' “a great number” is recorded in Williram's Song of Songs paraphrase.^(ONW)^(EWN)

+ * 1236 – Middle Dutch ''vele'' “many” is recorded in Ghent.^(VMNW)

+ * 1253 – ''Vele'' is used in the sense “often”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1276–1300 – The shortened form appears in ''met veel lieden'' “with many people”.^(EWN)

+ * 1475 – ''Veelal'' “usually” is first recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1573 – ''Veeleer'' “rather” is first recorded.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Determiner===

+ # [[m|en|much]], [[m|en|many]], a lot of: a large quantity or number of: ''Er stonden veel fietsen voor de deur.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(ANW)

+

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # Much, a lot; in the plural ''velen'', many people.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) ''Hij weet veel van vogels.'' ''Te veel van het goede'' is more than is needed or wanted.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # To a great [[m|en|extent]], much: ''Dit huis is veel groter.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|often]], frequently: ''We gaan veel naar de bioscoop.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vervelen]]

+ * [[veelgebruikt]]

+ * [[veelheid]]

+ * [[veelte]]

+ * [[velerlei]]

+ * [[evenveel]]

+ * [[hoeveel]]

+ * [[zoveel]]

+ * [[veelhoek]]

+ * [[veelvlak]]

+ * [[veelzeggend]]

+ * [[veelschrijver]]

+ * [[veelwijverij]]

+ * [[veelbelovend]]

+ * [[veelal]]

+ * [[veeleer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vol]]

+ * [[meer]]

+ * [[de|viel]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Veel van iemand hebben'' is to look or be very like someone.^(Van Dale 2014) The archaic and poetic noun ''veel'' “fiddle” is a separate word, a contracted form of [[vedel]]: it was the usual northern form in the 17th and 18th centuries and later survived only in verse, for rhyme or metre.^(WNT)^(Wiktionary) In Brabant and Limburg dialects ''veel'' is also a form of [[veil]] “ivy”.^(Debrabandere 2010)^(Debrabandere 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}