ander Dutch · revision 37163

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old Dutch (Lex Salica glosses)|origins=ine-pro *h₂énteros}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈɑn.dər/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Netherlands: [ˈɑ̃.dər]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ander''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ A contracted form ''aar'' was used in older Dutch and survives in dialects, and in the standard language in ''elkaar'' from ''elk ander''.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(WNT) Van Haeringen explains it as a strong reduction of a much-used pronoun rather than as a Frisian sound change.^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|ander]], [[inh|odt|andar]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*anþar]], [[inh|gem-pro|*anþeraz|t=other, second]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[osx|ōthar]] (also ⟨andar⟩), [[goh|andar]] (modern [[de|ander]]), [[ofs|ōther]] (modern [[fy|oar]]), [[ang|ōþer]] (modern [[en|other]]), [[non|annarr]] and [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂|tr=anþar]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ Outside Germanic it matches [[sa|अन्तर|tr=ántara|t=other]], [[lt|antras|t=other, second]], [[lv|otrs]] and [[prg|anters]].^(EWN)^(Orel 2003)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The source is [[ine-pro|*h₂énteros]], which the EWN writes ⟨*on-tero-⟩ and Kroonen ⟨*h₂en-tero-⟩: probably a pronominal stem with the comparative suffix [[ine-pro|*-teros|alt=*-tero-]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|51) Its first meaning was therefore “the other of two”, in contrast with the root of [[elders]] and Latin [[m|la|alius]], “another of many”.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is first found in the 8th-century Old Dutch glosses of the Lex Salica, in ''andrastheo'', “a girl belonging to someone else”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) Around 1100 the Leiden Willeram uses ''ander'' for “other, not the same”, and the Old Dutch texts also have the ordinal sense “second”, as when a second king is named after a first.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch ''ander'' meant both “other” and “second”: the oldest record, from Limburg around 1200, refers to another person, a Ghent statute of 1236 to a next or other thing, and a charter of 1254 speaks of ''dander helft'', “the second half”.^(EWN)^(VMNW) The ordinal sense was common in Middle Dutch in phrases such as ''die ander boec'', “the second book”.^(MNW) From the 14th century it took the form ''anderde'', on the model of ''tweede'' and ''derde'', which was still frequent in the 17th century before ''tweede'' replaced it.^(WNT) The sense lives on only in fixed phrases such as ''eenmaal, andermaal'' and in ''anderhalf'', “one and the second half”.^(EWN)^(Vercoullie 1925)

+

+ As an indefinite pronoun, ''de een … de ander'', it is recorded from 1285.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(VMNW) The proverb ''de een zijn dood is de ander zijn brood'', one man's loss is another's gain, goes back to the 16th century.^(Stoett 1923) Dutch passed the word to the creoles: Negerhollands ''ander'' or ''andi'' and Berbice Dutch ''andre'' or ''andri''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old Dutch ''andrastheo'' “someone else's girl” in the Lex Salica glosses.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Ander'' “other” in the Leiden Willeram.^(EWN)

+ * c. 1200 – First Middle Dutch record, in Limburg.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+ * 1254 – ''Dander helft'' “the second half”.^(EWN)

+ * 1285 – First use as an indefinite pronoun.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 14th century – The ordinal form ''anderde'' “second” appears.^(WNT)

+ * 1430 – The contracted form ''aer'' is recorded in Holland.^(MNW)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|other]], not the same as the one already named: ''Neem de andere stoel.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|different]] in kind or character: ''Na de verhuizing werd hij een ander mens.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated, in fixed phrases)'' [[m|en|second]], as in ''om de andere dag'', every second day.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # Another person, someone else: ''Zij denkt altijd eerst aan een ander.''^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # ''de een … de ander'', the one … the other, some … others.^(ONW)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[anderhalf]]

+ * [[anders]]

+ * [[veranderen]]

+ * [[anderzweer]]

+ * [[andermaal]]

+ * [[anderman]]

+ * [[anderzijds]]

+ * [[elkander]]

+ * [[malkander]]

+ * [[elkaar]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[elders]]

+ * [[en|other]]

+ * [[de|ander]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Een en ander'' means “this and that, various things”, and ''de een of ander'' “someone or other”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek) ''Ten andere'' is an informal “besides, by the way”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}