net Dutch · revision 37154

+ {{homograph|1|net, mesh}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1176–1200, Old Dutch (Ghent)|origins=gem-pro *natją}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /nɛt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''net''' ''n'' (plural netten, diminutive netje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is [[inh|dum|nette]], [[inh|odt|*netti]], [[inh|gem-pro|*natją|t=net]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[osx|netti]], [[goh|nezzi]] (modern [[de|Netz]]), [[ofs|nette]], [[ang|nett]] (modern [[en|net]]), [[non|net]] and [[got|𐌽𐌰𐍄𐌹|tr=nati]], all meaning “net”.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) With a different vowel grade Old Norse has [[m|non|nót|t=large fishing net]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013) Middle Dutch had both ⟨nette⟩ and the shorter ⟨net⟩.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ Related words are [[la|nōdus|t=knot]] and probably [[m|la|nassa|t=wicker fish trap]], and [[sga|nascid|t=binds]] has been compared too.^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)^(De Vries 1971) If they are Indo-European, a root [[ine-pro|*neHd-|t=to knot, tie]] can be set up, but the Philippa dictionary also allows that the Germanic and Latin words come from a language spoken in Europe before Indo-European.^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) The proposed link with [[nestel]] is uncertain.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is Old Dutch ''netten'' in a Latin charter from Ghent of 1176–1200, in the sense “caul, membrane around the guts”: the parts called ''netten'' and ''nerebedden'' go to the lord.^(EWN)^(ONW) Middle Dutch ''nette'' “net” glosses Latin ''rete'' in a Limburg word list of 1240, and in 1285 Jesus tells the fishermen to cast the net on the right side.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal thinks that “caul” may be the oldest Germanic sense; the general sense is a meshed fabric of knotted yarn, used for fishing and hunting, for holding the hair and as a screen or protection.^(WNT) From the 19th century the word is used for a network of lines and connections, for roads in 1864 and for railways in 1871.^(EWN) ''Netvlies'' “retina” (1642) copies [[la-med|retina]], from [[m|la|rete|t=net]], because the blood vessels of the retina look like a net.^(EWN) In recent Dutch ''het net'' is a television channel and, since the 1990s, the Internet.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Reinsma 1999)^(De Coster 1999)

+

+ ''Achter het net vissen'', “to fish behind the net”, is an old saying for coming too late, when others have already fished the water.^(Stoett 1923) The noun was borrowed into Negerhollands, Papiamentu ([[pap|nèt]]), Indonesian ([[m|id|nét]]) and Arawak.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1176–1200 – Old Dutch ''netten'' “cauls” in a charter from Ghent.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * 1240 – Middle Dutch ''nette'' glosses Latin ''rete'' “net”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1285 – ''Net'' for a fishing net, in a West Flemish life of Jesus.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1642 – ''Nettevlies'' “retina” is first recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1864 – A ''net'' of roads and connections.^(EWN)

+ * 1871 – ''Het groote spoorwegnet'', the railway network.^(EWN)

+ * 1995 – ''Het Net'' is used for the Internet.^(De Coster 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|net]], a coarse-meshed fabric used to catch animals or for other purposes.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A pattern of crossing lines, roads and the like.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # A [[m|en|network]] of things or people in close contact.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # A national public television channel: ''het eerste net''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(anatomy)'' The fatty membrane between the belly and the guts, the [[m|en|omentum]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(computing)'' The [[m|en|Internet]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' A family of curves in the plane depending linearly on two parameters.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[netwerk]]

+ * [[netvlies]]

+ * [[haarnet]]

+ * [[visnet]]

+ * [[vlindernet]]

+ * [[telefoonnet]]

+ * [[netspanning]]

+ * [[netstroom]]

+ * [[netvormig]]

+ * [[botnet]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|neat, tidy; just}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1330, Middle Dutch|origins=la niteō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /nɛt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''net''' (comparative netter, superlative netst)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adjective is [[inh|dum|net]], [[bor|fro|net|t=clean, pure]], from [[la|nitidus|t=shining, bright, neat]], from [[m|la|niteō|t=to shine]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) It came into the language in late Middle Dutch, where it is still rare.^(MNW)^(De Vries 1971) The French adjective meant “spotless” and “pure” in the 12th century and “orderly” by 1475.^(EWN) The Latin verb may be related to [[peo|naiba-|t=beautiful]] and [[sga|nōib|t=holy]].^(EWN)

+

+ English [[m|en|neat]] goes back to the same French word.^(Vercoullie 1925)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''net'' first means “shining” around 1330.^(EWN) The sense “fine, tidy” appears in 1456 in ''int nette setten'', “to write out fair”, and the Teuthonista of 1477 glosses ''nett'' as “careful, neat”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th century ''net'' meant pure in body and mind, as of a virgin in 1539, and also “handsome”, a sense now obsolete.^(EWN)^(WNT) From “neat” came “careful, precise” (''dat weet ik zoo net niet'', 1808) and the adverb “just, exactly”, and in 1793 also “dignified, formal”.^(EWN)^(WNT) ''In het net'' for a fair copy dates from 1668.^(EWN) De Vreese took the Ghent school phrase ''in het net schrijven'' for a translation of Belgian French ''écrire au net''.^(De Vreese 1899)

+

+ As a predicate the adjective has been almost entirely replaced by [[netjes]] since the 19th century, so that ''net'' is now mostly used before a noun: a ''nette'' man, a ''net'' house.^(EWN) Dutch lent it to West Frisian, German and, through German, Danish, and to Javanese, Indonesian, Papiamentu and Sranan Tongo, where it means “neat” or “exactly”.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1330 – Middle Dutch ''net'' “shining”.^(EWN)

+ * 1456 – ''Int nette setten'' “to write out fair”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1477 – The Teuthonista glosses ''nett'' as “neat, careful”.^(EWN)

+ * 1530 – ''Net van persoone'' “neat in person”.^(WNT)

+ * 1668 – ''In 't net gebracht'' “put into a fair copy”.^(EWN)

+ * 1808 – ''Net'' “exactly” in ''dat weet ik zoo net niet''.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|neat]], [[m|en|tidy]], orderly.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of clothes: smart, suitable for formal occasions.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # [[m|en|decent]], respectable, proper.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Just, exactly: ''het is maar net aan'', it is only just enough.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Just now, a moment ago.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Just like: ''net echt'', so well made that it looks real.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''In het net'': a fair copy, text in presentable form.^(Van Dale 2014)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[netjes]]

+ * [[netheid]]

+ * [[zonet]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|net]]

+ * [[en|neat]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}