gebeuren Dutch · revision 37151

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *burjaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɣəˈbøːrə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gebeuren'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|geburen]], [[inh|odt|giburen]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*gaburjan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*gaburjaną]], formed with the prefix [[ge-]] on the verb [[beuren]] “to lift”, Proto-Germanic [[m|gem-pro|*burjaną|t=to raise]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(ONW) In Middle Dutch the simple verb also meant “to fall to someone, happen, be due”.^(EWN) The prefix had its old sense “with”, expressing a relation to a person.^(EWN)^(WNT) The Wachtendonck Psalms write it ⟨geburran⟩, and Middle Dutch has ⟨gheboren⟩, ⟨gheboeren⟩ and ⟨gheburen⟩.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ The same verb is [[osx|giburian|t=to happen]], [[goh|giburien|t=to happen, fall to someone]] (modern [[de|gebühren|t=to be due]]) and [[ang|gebyrian|t=to happen; to befit]], and [[got|𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰|tr=gabaurjaba|t=gladly]] belongs with it.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Wiktionary) West Frisian [[m|fy|barre|t=to happen]] is also related.^(Wiktionary) De Vries found it hard to see how “to carry” could lead to “to befit”, and noted Trier's view that the verb belongs instead with [[goh|berien|t=to strike]].^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''geburran'' “to happen” is first recorded in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century.^(EWN)^(WNT) About 1100 the Egmond Williram asks ''wanan sich thaz leyth geburede'', why the sorrow came about.^(EWN)^(ONW) The Middle Dutch verb appears in Ghent in 1272, in the sense “to fall to someone”: the goods that might come to the writer on the death of Willem van Evergem.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle Dutch the verb meant both “to fall to someone's lot” and “to happen”, and could also mean “to befit”.^(EWN)^(WNT) The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal derives both senses from “to rise up, appear (before someone)”.^(WNT) By the 15th century ''dat en sal nemmermeer gheburen'', “that shall never happen”, shows the modern use.^(EWN) Derivatives followed: [[gebeurtenis]] “event” in 1786.^(EWN)

+

+ The infinitive is also a noun, ''het gebeuren'', first an event (1912) and since the 1970s a whole set of happenings, often in compounds such as ''kerstgebeuren''.^(EWN)^(WNT)^(Reinsma 1984) Purists took this as a germanism after German ''das Geschehen'', though it cannot always be replaced by ''gebeurtenis''.^(Theissen 1978)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''geburran'' in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Geburede'' “came about” in the Egmond Williram.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * 1272 – Middle Dutch ''gheboren'' “to fall to someone”, in Ghent.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1486 – ''Dat en sal nemmermeer gheburen'' “that shall never happen”.^(EWN)

+ * 1786 – ''Gebeurtenis'' “event”.^(EWN)

+ * c. 1912 – The noun ''gebeuren'' “event”.^(EWN)^(WNT)

+ * 1976 – ''Gebeuren'' for a set of happenings, as in a festival.^(Reinsma 1984)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|happen]], to take place, to occur.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be done: ''het is zo gebeurd'', it takes only a moment.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To [[m|en|befall]], to happen to someone: ''dat kan de beste gebeuren''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(het gebeuren)'' A set of happenings with their effects, an [[m|en|event]].^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gebeurtenis]]

+ * [[gebeurlijk]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[beuren]]

+ * [[de|gebühren]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb takes ''zijn'' in the perfect: ''het is gebeurd''.^(WNT) Older Dutch also used ''hebben''.^(WNT) ''Wat gebeurd is, is gebeurd'' means that what is done cannot be undone.^(WNT)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}