dag Dutch · revision 37148

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *dagaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /dɑx/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dag''' ''m'' (plural dagen, diminutive dagje n or daagje n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|dach]], [[inh|odt|dag]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*dag]], [[inh|gem-pro|*dagaz|t=day]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[osx|dag]], [[goh|tag]] (modern [[de|Tag]]), [[ofs|dei]] (modern [[fy|dei]]), [[ang|dæġ]] (modern [[en|day]]), [[non|dagr]] (modern [[sv|dag]]) and [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃|tr=dags]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) A form with a long vowel, ⟨*dōg-⟩, stands beside it in [[non|dœgr|t=half a day]] and [[got|𐍆𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍉𐌲𐍃|tr=fidurdōgs|t=lasting four days]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The further origin is debated.^(Wiktionary) The EWN and De Vries connect it with the root [[ine-pro|*dʰegʷʰ-|t=to burn]], the original sense being “the time when the sun is hot”; related words would be [[la|favilla|t=ash]], [[m|la|foveō|t=to warm]], [[prg|dagis|t=summer]] and [[sga|daig|t=fire]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|97) Wiktionary notes that the loss of the labial element would be irregular, and Kroonen instead sets up a root [[m|ine-pro|*dʰeǵʰ-|t=day]], from which he also derives [[sa|अहर्|tr=ahar|t=day]].^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) Franck–Van Wijk and Van Haeringen already weighed the link with this Sanskrit word.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''dag'' is found in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century, in many forms: ''dag dages ut ropizot uuort'', “day unto day utters speech”.^(EWN)^(ONW) There it means the light part of the day, as against the night, and ''allan dag'' “all day long” means “continually”.^(ONW) Middle Dutch ''dach'' is recorded from about 1200 in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 13th-century texts ''dach'' meant daylight, the time the sun is up, a full day and night, a calendar day and a period of time.^(VMNW) ''Bi daghe'' meant “by day”.^(VMNW) The verb [[dagen]] “to dawn” is recorded from about 1240.^(EWN) Many old phrases go back to the Bible: ''de jongste dag'' is the Day of Judgement, with ''jongst'' in the old sense “last”.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ From the 16th century ''dag en nacht'' “day and night” stood for “continually”, and ''verschillen als dag en nacht'' for complete difference.^(WNT) The greeting ''dag'', short for [[goedendag]], is recorded from 1859.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(Wiktionary) Several phrases were translated from Latin or French: ''pluk de dag'' from ''carpe diem'', ''op zijn oude dag'' from ''sur ses vieux jours''.^(Van der Sijs 2005)

+

+ The greeting was borrowed into Indonesian as [[m|id|dadah]], into Javanese and Ambonese Malay, and into Frisian.^(Van der Sijs 2010) The noun went into Negerhollands, Berbice Dutch and Saramaccan, and lives on in Afrikaans [[m|af|dag]].^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''dag'' appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1200 – Middle Dutch ''dach'' is first recorded, in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * c. 1240 – The verb ''dagen'' “to dawn” appears.^(EWN)

+ * 1557 – ''Dach ende nacht'' “day and night”, i.e. at all times.^(WNT)

+ * 1794 – ''Verschillen als dag en nacht'' “to differ completely”.^(WNT)

+ * 1859 – ''Dag'' as a greeting is first recorded.^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|day]], the time between sunrise and sunset; [[m|en|daytime]]: ''Overdag slaapt de uil.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A day of 24 hours, as a unit of time and for dates: ''Ze bleef drie dagen in Gent.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)

+ # [[m|en|daylight]], in phrases such as ''voor de dag komen'' “to come out, appear”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(ANW)

+ # ''(in compounds)'' An assembly or diet, originally held on a fixed day, as in [[landdag]] and [[rijksdag]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # Hello, or goodbye; often drawn out as ''dáág''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dagboek]]

+ * [[dagelijks]]

+ * [[dageraad]]

+ * [[eendagsvlieg]]

+ * [[goedendag]]

+ * [[bedaagd]]

+ * [[daags]]

+ * [[dagen]]

+ * [[middag]]

+ * [[zondag]]

+ * [[maandag]]

+ * [[dagtekenen]]

+ * [[alledag]]

+ * [[vandaag]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|day]]

+ * [[de|Tag]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Two other words are spelled ''dag''.^(De Vries 1971) A ''dag'' or ''dagge'' was a short piece of rope with which offenders were flogged on board ship (1623); its origin is unknown, and it was borrowed into Swedish as [[m|sv|dagg]].^(WNT)^(De Vries 1971)^(Van der Sijs 2010) An older ''dag'' “dagger” (1351–1400) was taken from French [[m|fr|dague]].^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}