halen Dutch · revision 37139

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1265–1270, Middle Dutch (Brabant)|origins=gem-pro *halōną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈɦaːlə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''halen''' (weak: past ''haalde'', past participle ''gehaald'')^(WNT)

+ Eastern dialects have a strong past tense ''hiel''.^(WNT) Middle Dutch also wrote ''alen'' and, in Brabant, ''hallen''.^(MNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|halen]], [[inh|odt|*halon]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*halōn]], [[inh|gem-pro|*halōną|alt=*halōn-]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same verb is [[osx|halōn]] (Middle Low German ⟨halen⟩), [[goh|halōn]] beside [[m|goh|holōn|t=to pull, bring]] (modern [[de|holen]]), [[ofs|halia|t=to take away]] (modern [[fy|helje]]) and [[ang|geholian|t=to obtain]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971) Outside West Germanic it is found only as a loanword: [[non|hala]] was taken from Middle Low German.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ Its further origin is unclear.^(EWN)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) The traditional comparison is with [[la|calō|t=to call out, summon]] and [[grc|καλέω|tr=kaléō|t=to call]], assuming a first meaning “to call here”; the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal accepted this, and Kroonen reconstructs an iterative from [[ine-pro|*kelh₁-|t=to call]], but the EWN finds it semantically unconvincing.^(EWN)^(WNT)^(Kroonen 2013) Franck and Van Wijk thought “to pull” older than “to call”.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) A link with [[grc|κάλως|tr=kálōs|t=rope]] is still less likely, and the word may come from a pre-Indo-European substrate.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|155)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle Dutch ''halen'' “to bring to oneself” is first recorded in 1265–1270, in the Brabant life of Saint Lutgard.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) The early texts already have it for sending for someone, as in having smiths fetched to make a coffin of silver and gold.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in the earliest Middle Dutch the verb had most of its modern shades of meaning, including ''adem halen'' “to draw breath”, so the senses cannot be dated one by one.^(EWN) It meant to pull, to take to oneself, sometimes unlawfully, to fetch, and to hoist a sail: ''sijn seil te haelne'' is recorded in 1365–1385.^(EWN)^(VMNW)^(MNW) The prefixed [[behalen]] “to gain by effort” followed in 1440.^(EWN)

+

+ The sense “to reach” is relatively young: ''het niet kunnen halen bij'' “not to come near (in comparison)” dates from 1624, ''hij haalt den wal'' “he reaches the shore” from 1822 and ''het halen'' “to make it” from 1844.^(EWN)^(Stoett 1923) The curse ''de duivel hale u!'' rests on the idea that the devil and death come to fetch their victims.^(Van Sterkenburg 2001) During the German occupation ''halen'' and ''ophalen'' became euphemisms for rounding Jews up for deportation.^(Van de Kamp 2006) The question ''Haalt … 1984?'' comes from the Dutch title of Andrei Amalrik's book, translated in 1970.^(Reinsma 1984)

+

+ French borrowed the seafaring word as ''haler'' “to hoist, to tow” at the start of the 12th century;^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2010) Spanish ''halar'' and Portuguese ''alar'' come from the French verb.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2010) English ''hale'' and ''haul'' come from the French verb.^(EWN) Danish ''hale'', Norwegian ''hale'' and Swedish ''hala'' are from Dutch or Low German, and Negerhollands, Sranan (''hari''), Aukan and Papiamentu (''hala'') have it too.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * early 12th century – French ''haler'', from Germanic, is recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1265–1270 – Middle Dutch ''halen'' is first recorded, in Brabant.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1365–1385 – ''Sijn seil halen'' “to hoist his sail” is recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1440 – ''Behalen'' “to gain by effort” appears.^(EWN)

+ * 1624 – ''Het niet kunnen halen bij'' “not to bear comparison with” is recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1822 – The sense “to reach” appears in ''hij haalt den wal''.^(EWN)

+ * 1844 – ''Het halen'' “to make it” is recorded.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|fetch]], to go and get someone or something: ''Ik haal even brood bij de bakker.''^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To pull or draw towards oneself or into a position: ''Ze haalde de stekker uit het stopcontact.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(MNW)

+ # To obtain by effort, to [[m|en|gain]]: ''Hij heeft zijn rijbewijs in één keer gehaald.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To [[m|en|reach]], to catch in time: ''We haalden de laatste bus nog net.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(het halen)'' To make it, to manage or survive: ''De patiënt haalt het niet.''^(Wiktionary)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aanhalen]]

+ * [[herhalen]]

+ * [[inhalen]]

+ * [[onthalen]]

+ * [[verhalen]]

+ * [[achterhalen]]

+ * [[ademhalen]]

+ * [[afhalen]]

+ * [[behalen]]

+ * [[bijhalen]]

+ * [[binnenhalen]]

+ * [[doorhalen]]

+ * [[haalbaar]]

+ * [[neerhalen]]

+ * [[verhaal]]

+ * [[ophalen]]

+ * [[terughalen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[de|holen]]

+ * [[fr|haler]]

+ * [[en|haul]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Het niet halen bij iemand'' means not to bear comparison with someone; it goes back to ''halen'' “to reach”.^(Stoett 1923)^(Van Dale 2014) ''Dat haal je de koekoek'' “you bet!” is short for wishing the cuckoo, that is the devil, to fetch the speaker if it is not true.^(Stoett 1923)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}