nemen Dutch · revision 37133

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *nemaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈneːmə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nemen''' (past ''nam'', plural ''namen''; past participle ''genomen'')^(Wiktionary)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|nēmen]], [[inh|odt|neman]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*neman]], [[inh|gem-pro|*nemaną|t=to take]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) The same verb is [[osx|niman]], [[goh|neman]] (modern [[de|nehmen]]), [[ofs|nema]] (modern [[fy|nimme]]), [[ang|niman]], [[non|nema]] and [[got|𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽|tr=niman]], all meaning “to take” or senses grown from it, such as Old Norse “to learn”, that is, “to take in”.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013) In English the verb died out and was replaced by [[m|en|take]], except for the archaic [[m|en|nim|t=to pilfer]].^(MNW)^(EWN)

+

+ The EWN, De Vries and Van Veen relate it to [[grc|νέμω|tr=némō|t=to distribute; to graze]], [[la|numerus|t=number]] (see [[nummer]]) and [[lt|nãmas|t=dwelling]], from a root [[ine-pro|*nem-|t=to allot]], so that the Germanic verb would first have meant “to take as one's share”.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|261) Wiktionary similarly explains the meaning from a middle voice “to allot to oneself”.^(Wiktionary) Kroonen instead follows Kortlandt: the verb was back-formed from a perfective [[m|gem-pro|*ga-neman-]], whose /n/ belonged at first to the prefix, going back to [[ine-pro|*kom-h₁em-e-]], the root of [[la|emō|t=to take, buy]] and [[lt|imti|t=to take]]; on this view it has nothing to do with the Greek verb.^(Kroonen 2013) Franck–Van Wijk already linked the verb with both groups, though they found the initial /n/ hard to explain.^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''neman'' appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century, as in ''thia ic ne nam thuo fargalt'', “what I did not take, I then paid back”, and ''untes genuman uuerthe mano'', “until the moon is taken away”.^(EWN)^(ONW) Around 1100 the Egmond Williram has ''nu willon ich hine ze mer neman'', “now I will take him to me”.^(EWN)^(ONW) Middle Dutch ''nemen'' is recorded in Limburg around 1200, meaning “to take, seize, appropriate”, “to choose, appoint” and “to receive”.^(VMNW)^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The 13th-century texts use ''nemen'' for grasping with the hand, for capturing a person or prey, for choosing, and for accepting and receiving.^(VMNW) Middle Dutch also had ''spise nemen'', to take food, and the verb was used for taking medicine.^(MNW) The verb forms many fixed phrases with a noun and a preposition, such as ''in acht nemen'' “to observe” and ''in aanmerking nemen'' “to take into account”.^(WNT)

+

+ ''Weten te geven en te nemen'', to know how to give and take, is known since the 16th century, and ''iemand nemen'' meant to fool someone.^(Stoett 1923) In Belgian Dutch, ''wat zult ge nemen?'' “what will you have?” follows French ''prendre''.^(De Vreese 1899) Surinamese Dutch ''een man nemen'' or ''een vrouw nemen'' means to enter a lasting union, after Sranan ''teki''.^(Van Donselaar 1989) The verb passed into Negerhollands (''neem'') and Skepi Dutch (''nemek''), and it lives on in Afrikaans [[m|af|neem]].^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''neman'' appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(ONW)

+ * c. 1100 – The Egmond Williram has ''ze mer neman'' “to take to me”.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * c. 1200 – Middle Dutch ''nemen'' is first recorded, in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * c. 1300 – ''Medecinen nemen'', to take medicine, is recorded.^(MNW)

+ * 16th century – ''Weten te geven en te nemen'' is first recorded.^(Stoett 1923)

+ * 1557 – ''Nempt doch eenen stoel'' “do take a chair”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take hold of, [[m|en|grasp]]: ''Hij nam de tas van tafel.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(WNT)

+ # To [[m|en|consume]], take food, drink or medicine: ''Neem nog een kop koffie.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To get, take for oneself: ''een vrije dag nemen''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To [[m|en|accept]], put up with: ''dat neem ik niet''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To do, carry out (with a noun): ''een foto nemen''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # To use, choose; to take a route or a means of transport: ''We nemen de trein.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To understand or treat in a certain way: ''iets ernstig nemen''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(vulgar)'' To have sex with.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aannemen]]

+ * [[afnemen]]

+ * [[innemen]]

+ * [[opnemen]]

+ * [[overnemen]]

+ * [[ondernemen]]

+ * [[ontnemen]]

+ * [[vernemen]]

+ * [[waarnemen]]

+ * [[deelnemen]]

+ * [[meenemen]]

+ * [[toenemen]]

+ * [[beetnemen]]

+ * [[nemer]]

+ * [[inname]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nummer]]

+ * [[nomade]]

+ * [[en|nim]]

+ * [[de|nehmen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}