vinden Dutch · revision 37128

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=gem-pro *finþaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈvɪndə(n)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vinden''' (past ''vond'', plural ''vonden''; past participle ''gevonden'')^(WNT)

+ The assimilated form ''vinnen'' was still regularly written in the 16th and 17th centuries, and ''ik vin'' is common in casual speech.^(WNT)

+ Dialects have ''vijnden'' and ''vijnen'', with the usual diphthong before ''n'' and a dental, and the nasalised ''vingen''.^(WNT)

+ The old past singular ''vant'' was still regular in the 16th and 17th centuries and survives in Flemish.^(WNT) The participle without ''ge-'', ''vonden'', disappeared from writing after the 16th century but lived on in West Flemish.^(WNT)^(MNW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|vinden]], [[inh|odt|findan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*finþan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*finþaną|alt=*finþan-]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) The same verb is [[osx|findan]], [[goh|findan]] (modern [[de|finden]]), [[ofs|finda]], [[ang|findan]] (modern [[en|find]]), [[non|finna]] and [[got|𐍆𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽|tr=finþan]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The Old Norse verb also means “to visit, perceive”, and the Gothic one “to recognise, learn”.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The regular principal parts were ⟨*fanþ-⟩, ⟨*fundun-⟩, ⟨*fundan-⟩: the alternation of /þ/ and /d/ normally belonged to the last two, but in West Germanic it spread to the first two as well.^(EWN)

+

+ Beside it stands the ablauting weak verb [[gem-pro|*fandōną|alt=*fandōn-]], seen in Middle Dutch [[m|dum|vanden|t=to test, visit]], [[goh|fantōn|t=to examine]] (modern [[de|fahnden|t=to search for]]) and [[ang|fandian|t=to examine, test]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)

+

+ Most scholars trace the Germanic verb to the root [[ine-pro|*pent-|t=to go, arrive; to find the way]], the root of [[pad]]: the meaning would have gone from “arrive” through “visit, seek out” to “come upon”, as in [[la|inveniō|t=to find]], literally “to come in”.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|412)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The words of that root elsewhere are nouns for paths and crossings, such as [[la|pōns|t=bridge]], [[grc|πόντος|tr=póntos|t=sea]], [[grc|πάτος|tr=pátos|t=path]] and [[sa|पन्थाः|tr=pánthāḥ|t=path]], so the EWN objects that the strong verb would then have been formed from a noun inside Germanic.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) Others start from a nasalised form of [[ine-pro|*peth₂-|t=to fly, fall]], the root of [[la|petō|t=to make for, seek]], but no other language has such a nasal form.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb is recorded in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century, in the phrase ''in ne fant'' “and I did not find him” and ''daga folla fundona'', “full days will be found in them”.^(EWN)^(ONW) About 1100 the Willeram has ''iof ich eynech sinro spore muga uindan'' “whether I can find any trace of him”.^(EWN) Middle Dutch ''vinden'' is recorded in Limburg in 1200, and a Limburg glossary of 1240 renders Latin ''reperire''.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The basic sense, to come upon something or someone that was sought, has not changed since Old Dutch.^(EWN) Middle Dutch also used the verb for reaching a conclusion after testing or inquiry, for judging, for devising and inventing, and for experiencing, as in an Antwerp text of 1236 on a leper declared healthy.^(EWN)^(VMNW) Of these, “to be of the opinion” is the main one left in modern Dutch, while others survive in derivatives such as [[bevinden]] and [[ondervinden]].^(EWN) The legal sense “to give judgement” lies behind [[vonnis]].^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ Belgian ''iemand gaan vinden'' “to go and see someone” was condemned in 1899 as a gallicism after French ''aller trouver''.^(De Vreese 1899) In Surinamese Dutch the verb also means “to obtain, get hold of”.^(Van Donselaar 1989) It lives on in Afrikaans ''vind'', Negerhollands ''vind'' and ''fin'' and Berbice Dutch ''fende'', and Sranan ''feni'' “to think, to find again” comes from Dutch or English.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''findan'' appears in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)^(ONW)

+ * c. 1100 – The Willeram uses it for finding a trace.^(EWN)

+ * 1200 – Middle Dutch ''vinden'' is recorded in Limburg.^(VMNW)

+ * 1236 – The sense “to declare after examination” is recorded.^(EWN)

+ * 1265–1270 – The verb is used for “to judge” and “to experience”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1561 – ''Den wech … vinnen'' “to find the way” shows the assimilated form.^(WNT)

+ * 1899 – De Vreese condemns ''iemand gaan vinden'' as a gallicism.^(De Vreese 1899)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|find]], to come across, by chance or after searching: ''Ik vond mijn sleutels onder de bank.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)^(ANW)

+ # To think up, to [[m|en|devise]]: ''Ze vond een slimme oplossing.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+ # To consider, to think, to be of the [[m|en|opinion]]: ''Ik vind deze film saai.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To meet with, to receive, as in ''de dood vinden'' “to be killed”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vinder]]

+ * [[vondeling]]

+ * [[vondst]]

+ * [[vindbaar]]

+ * [[vinding]]

+ * [[vindplaats]]

+ * [[bevinden]]

+ * [[goedvinden]]

+ * [[ondervinden]]

+ * [[plaatsvinden]]

+ * [[terugvinden]]

+ * [[uitvinden]]

+ * [[vonnis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pad]]

+ * [[en|find]]

+ * [[de|finden]]

+ * [[de|fahnden]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The proverb ''een goed woord vindt altijd een goede plaats'', “a kind word always finds a good place”, is recorded from the 16th century.^(Stoett 1923) Fixed phrases include ''zijn tweede adem vinden'' and ''aftrek vinden'', “to sell well”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}