aan Dutch · revision 37089

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 800, Old Dutch|origins=ine-pro *h₂en-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /aːn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aan'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The short form ''an'' is the usual one in speech and was common in older writers.^(WNT)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) As an adverb the lengthened ''anne'' was once used, for example by Hooft.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|āne]], [[inh|odt|ana]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*ana]], [[inh|gem-pro|*ana]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary) Old Dutch had ⟨an⟩ as a preposition and ⟨ana-⟩ in compounds.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) Middle Dutch ⟨ane⟩ has the vowel lengthened in an open syllable.^(EWN) The same word is [[osx|an]], [[goh|ana]] (modern [[de|an]]), [[ofs|an]], [[ang|on]] (modern English ⟨on⟩), [[non|á]] and [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌰|tr=ana]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The EWN derives it from [[ine-pro|*h₂en-]], with [[la|an-]], [[grc|ἀνά|tr=aná|t=up, again, back]], [[ae|ana]] and [[sga|an-]].^(EWN) The Greek preposition is the first part of [[anachronisme]].^(EWN) Forms with another vowel are [[sa|अनु|tr=ánu|t=along]], and with zero grade [[cu|на|tr=na|t=on, at]] and [[lt|nuo|alt=nuõ]].^(EWN) Kroonen reconstructs [[ine-pro|*h₂enh₂]]: the laryngeal became a vowel at the end of the word, which was lost in the daughter languages but kept in compounds and restored from them.^(Kroonen 2013) Van Haeringen thought it uncertain that an ⟨*ana⟩ existed in Indo-European, and the Irish evidence insufficient.^(Van Haeringen 1936)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is from about 800: ''an wudu kiri þu'' “turn to the wood”.^(EWN)^(ONW) The Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century have ''an'' “in, at”, and the Willeram (about 1100) has ''alliz ana'' “all the time”.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a preposition ''aan'' expresses contact with a surface or nearness, and also movement towards something.^(WNT) Older Dutch marked the difference by the case it governed.^(WNT) Middle Dutch used it with the dative for contact, and for likeness, as in ''ghelijc ane'' “like”.^(VMNW) As an adverb it forms many separable verbs, denoting growth, attachment or the start of an action.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Later senses describe clothes being worn and devices being switched on.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) In Dutch slang a party can be ''aan'', “great”, and in Surinamese Dutch ''aan zijn'' means to be eager or irritated.^(Wiktionary)^(Van Donselaar 1989)

+

+ Danish ''an'' and the Swedish naval phrase ''om bord'' “on board” come from Dutch or Low German, as does the verbal prefix ''an-'' of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish.^(Van der Sijs 2010) Negerhollands has ''aan'' “on”, and Skepi Dutch ''an''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 800 – ''an wudu'' “to the wood” is recorded in Old Dutch.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * 901–1000 – The preposition ''an'' is recorded in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – ''ana'' is used as an adverb in the Willeram.^(ONW)

+ * c. 1200 – Middle Dutch ''ane'' and ''an'' are recorded.^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|43)^(VMNW)

+ * 1254 – The spelling ''aen'' is recorded.^(EWN)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004|43)

+ * 1287 – ''ghelijc ane'' “like” is recorded in West Flanders.^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # On, at, against: expresses [[m|en|contact]] or attachment: ''Het schilderij hangt aan de muur.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Expresses a figurative bond or relation: ''Ze is erg gehecht aan haar oude stad.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # At, by, near: ''een huisje aan het meer''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To: marks the [[m|en|recipient]] or goal: ''Geef het boek aan je broer.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) ''toe zijn aan'': to need, to be ready for.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Of, from, as a result of: ''Hij overleed aan een longontsteking.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # As for, in respect of: ''Er is geen gebrek aan vrijwilligers.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Up to, in the power of: ''Het is aan jou om te kiezen.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With ''het'' and an infinitive: busy doing: ''Ze is aan het koken.''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Worn on the body: ''Hij had zijn jas nog aan.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary) ''de broek aan hebben'': to be the boss.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Against or onto something: ''af en aan'': to and fro.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # On, working: ''De radio staat aan.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(slang)'' Of a party: great.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aandacht]]

+ * [[aandeel]]

+ * [[aanmoedigen]]

+ * [[aanslag]]

+ * [[aanzien]]

+ * [[aankijken]]

+ * [[aannemen]]

+ * [[aanraken]]

+ * [[aansluiten]]

+ * [[aanspreken]]

+ * [[aantasten]]

+ * [[aangaan]]

+ * [[aanhouden]]

+ * [[aankomen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anachronisme]]

+ * [[en|on]]

+ * [[de|an]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ De Vreese condemned ''aan'' for possession, as in Buysse's ''hun meester aan allen'', as a gallicism modelled on [[fr|à]].^(De Vreese 1899) In Limburg ''aan'' was also used before a price, a use now dated.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}