dat Dutch · revision 37073

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=901–1000, Wachtendonck Psalms|origins=ine-pro *tód}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /dɑt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dat''' (neuter singular of the pronoun [[die]]; also a conjunction)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|dat]], [[inh|odt|that]], [[inh|gem-pro|*þat]], the nominative and accusative neuter singular of the demonstrative pronoun [[die]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Van Veen & Van der Sijs 1997) The same form is [[osx|that]], [[goh|daz]] (modern [[de|das]] and [[m|de|dass]]), [[ofs|thet]], [[ang|þæt]] (modern [[en|that]]), [[non|þat]] and [[got|𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰|tr=þata]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(Orel 2003) The Gothic form differs from the others by an added particle.^(De Vries 1971)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912)

+

+ Outside Germanic it matches [[grc|τό|tr=tó]], [[la|istud]], [[sa|तद्|tr=tád]] and [[cu|то|tr=to]], from [[ine-pro|*tód]], the neuter nominative and accusative of the pronominal stem [[ine-pro|*só|alt=*to-]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''that'' is recorded in the 10th-century Wachtendonck Psalms both as a pronoun and as a conjunction meaning “so that”.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001) One line reads ''Ik uuanda that ik it kende, that ar beit ist furi mi'', “I thought that I knew it, that is toil before me”.^(ONW) Middle Dutch ''dat'' as a conjunction meaning “that, so that, because” is found from about 1240.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The pronoun came into use as a conjunction early in all the West Germanic languages, while Gothic used a separate conjunction, [[got|𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹|tr=þatei]].^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) From the 16th century German has spelled the pronoun ''das'' and the conjunction ''daß'' (now ''dass''), an artificial distinction.^(EWN) In Dutch, ''dat'' also served as the neuter definite article until the weakened form ''het'' replaced it.^(WNT)^(EWN)

+

+ The conjunction forms many compound conjunctions, such as ''omdat'', ''nadat'' and ''zodat''.^(WNT)^(Wiktionary) As a noun ''dat'' could mean a trifle, in the phrase ''dit of dat'', and also a fault or blemish (1612) and a pimple (1600).^(WNT)

+

+ Dutch passed the word on: Negerhollands ''dat'', ''da'', Berbice Dutch and Sranan ''dati'', and possibly Swedish ''datt''.^(Van der Sijs 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 901–1000 – Old Dutch ''that'' is recorded as a pronoun and as a conjunction in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1240 – Middle Dutch ''dat'' as a conjunction appears.^(EWN)

+ * 1557 – The conjunction introduces a clause in a quotation in the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal.^(WNT)

+ * 1600 – ''Datten'', “pimples”, is recorded.^(WNT)

+ * 1625 – ''Geen dit of dat'', “no trifle”, is recorded.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|that]]: a [[m|en|demonstrative]] pointing at something not close to the speaker.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # That same thing, the one just mentioned.^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|which]], that: a [[m|en|relative pronoun]] after neuter nouns: ''het boek dat ik las'', “the book that I read”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # That: introducing a [[m|en|subordinate clause]]: ''ik weet dat het klopt'', “I know that it is right”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Because, so that, expressing a reason or a result.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(informal)'' Expressing surprise or annoyance: ''dat hij dat durft!'', “to think he dares to!”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[doordat]]

+ * [[nadat]]

+ * [[omdat]]

+ * [[opdat]]

+ * [[totdat]]

+ * [[voordat]]

+ * [[zodat]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[die]]

+ * [[het]]

+ * [[en|that]]

+ * [[de|das]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}