van Dutch · revision 37070

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=891–900, Old Dutch charm|origins=gem-pro *fanē}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /vɑn/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Northern: [fɑn]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Suriname: [fan]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''van'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|van]], [[inh|odt|fan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*fanā]], [[inh|gem-pro|*fanē|t=from]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same preposition is [[osx|fan]], [[goh|fona]] (modern [[de|von]]) and [[ofs|fon]], but it is found only in continental West Germanic: English, Scandinavian and Gothic lack it.^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(ONW) The Oudnederlands Woordenboek therefore takes it for a new formation of after about 500, which displaced the older [[odt|af]] still found a few times in Old Dutch.^(ONW)

+

+ It probably goes back to [[ine-pro|*po-n-]], with [[ine-pro|*h₂po]], the zero grade of [[ine-pro|*h₂epo|t=away from]], from which [[m|nl|af]] also comes.^(EWN)^(Franck & Van Wijk 1912) The same element is in [[la|positus|t=put away]], [[lt|pa-]], [[cu|по|tr=po]] and [[sq|pa|t=without]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013) Kroonen and others explain the ending as the suffix [[ine-pro|*-neh₁]], marking direction, so [[ine-pro|*h₂poneh₁]].^(EWN)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ An older explanation, defended by Van Ginneken and adopted by De Vries, joins the preposition meaning “off” and [[m|nl|aan]], like the later [[tot]] from [[toe]] and [[te]].^(EWN)^(De Vries 1971)^(De Vries & De Tollenaere 2004) The Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands finds the assumed weakening of the first vowel hard to explain, since no West Germanic language has a form with it.^(EWN)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest record is an Old Dutch charm of 891–900: ''Gang ut fan themo flesgke an thia hud'', “go out from the flesh to the skin”.^(EWN) The Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century use ''fan'' for “from, out of”, as in a bridegroom coming ''fan'' his bedchamber, for “since”, ''fan iuginde minro'' “since my youth”, and for the agent, “by”.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The preposition first expressed removal, but before the first records it had already gained a great many uses and senses.^(EWN) Middle Dutch shows them all: separation, origin, material, cause and possession.^(VMNW)^(MNW)

+

+ In names, ''van'' first marked noble titles, naming the place a lord held (1635), and then any family name beginning with ''van'' (1570), and by extension a surname in general.^(WNT) This noun was borrowed into Danish and Norwegian for the first part of Dutch names, and into Ambonese, Kupang and Manado Malay as ''fam'', “family name”.^(Van der Sijs 2010) The preposition itself passed into Negerhollands, Berbice Dutch and Javindo.^(Van der Sijs 2010) In colloquial speech ''van'' introduces quoted words, like English “like”.^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)^(Van Dale 2014)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 891–900 – Old Dutch ''fan'' appears in a charm against a worm.^(EWN)

+ * 901–1000 – ''Fan'' is used for “from” and “since” in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * c. 1100 – The Leiden Willeram has ''uan'' and ''uone''.^(EWN)

+ * 1570 – ''Van'' as a noun refers to a family name beginning with ''van''.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|from]], marking a starting point in place or time: ''van Amsterdam naar Utrecht'', “from Amsterdam to Utrecht”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|of]], marking [[m|en|possession]]: ''de fiets van mijn zus'', “my sister's bicycle”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of, out of, marking material: ''een tafel van eiken'', “a table of oak”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # From, with, marking a cause: ''trillen van de kou'', “to shiver with cold”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # By, marking the maker: ''een roman van Mulisch'', “a novel by Mulisch”.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of, among, part of a whole.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Off, from, marking removal.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Introducing quoted words or thoughts: like.^(Wiktionary)^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The word ''van'' in a surname; a family name.^(WNT)^(ANW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vandaag]]

+ * [[vaneen]]

+ * [[vanaf]]

+ * [[vandaar]]

+ * [[vanuit]]

+ * [[vanwege]]

+ * [[vanzelf]]

+ * [[daarvan]]

+ * [[hiervan]]

+ * [[waarvan]]

+ * [[vanachter]]

+ * [[vanavond]]

+ * [[vanbuiten]]

+ * [[vandaan]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[de|von]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Van'' is the commonest particle (''tussenvoegsel'') in Dutch family names.^(WikiWoordenboek)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}