met Dutch · revision 37054

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=551–750, Old Dutch (Lex Salica)|origins=gem-pro *midi}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /mɛt/, /mɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''met'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|dum|met]], [[inh|odt|mit]] (earlier [[m|odt|miþ]]), [[inh|gmw-pro|*midi]], [[inh|gem-pro|*midi|t=with]].^(EWN)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013)^(ONW) The preposition developed from the adverb that became modern [[mede]], [[mee]]: the West Germanic adverbs kept their full form, while the less stressed prepositions were weakened, here by the loss of the final vowel, as with the adverb [[toe]] beside the preposition [[te]].^(EWN)^(WNT) The same word is [[osx|mid]], [[m|osx|mith]], [[goh|mit]] (modern [[de|mit]]), [[ofs|mith]], [[ang|mid]], [[non|með]] and [[got|𐌼𐌹𐌸|tr=miþ]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ Kroonen takes it to be an Indo-European adverb, originally a locative case form of a root noun [[ine-pro|*met-]] or [[m|ine-pro|*medʰ-]], related to [[gem-pro|*midja-|t=middle]].^(Kroonen 2013) De Vries allows both [[ine-pro|*medʰi]] and [[m|ine-pro|*meti]], and compares [[grc|μετά|tr=metá|t=with, among, after]] and [[sa|स्मत्|tr=smát|t=together]].^(De Vries 1971)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old Dutch ''miþ'' is recorded in the Lex Salica of 551–750, and ''mit'' in the Wachtendonck Psalms of the 10th century.^(EWN)^(ONW)^(Van der Sijs 2001) The first Middle Dutch record is a Ghent byname of 1212–23, ''wouter metten bene'' “Wouter with the leg”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Following Delbrück, the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal suggests that the oldest sense was “between, among”, close to “beside, at”, a sense still common in Middle Dutch; from it, or alongside it, came “together with”, the main sense of the modern word.^(WNT) Middle Dutch already used ''met'' for the means, as in ''met sinen lettren'' “by his charter” (1236), and for a condition, as in people infected ''met den lazers'' “with leprosy”.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+

+ In the older language ''met'' was also an adverb, “also, besides”, a use now left to [[mee]].^(VMNW)^(WNT) In northern Dutch the sense “at, beside” is almost obsolete, but Belgian Dutch uses ''met'' where the north has [[bij]], perhaps partly under the influence of French ''avec''.^(WNT) On the telephone ''met'' followed by a name is short for ''u spreekt met…'' “you are speaking with…”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The preposition passed into Negerhollands ([[m|dcr|met]], [[m|dcr|mi]]), Berbice Dutch ([[m|brc|mete]]) and Skepi Dutch.^(Van der Sijs 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 551–750 – Old Dutch ''miþ'' is recorded in the Lex Salica.^(EWN)^(ONW)

+ * 901–1000 – ''Mit'' in the Wachtendonck Psalms.^(EWN)^(Van der Sijs 2001)

+ * 1212–23 – Middle Dutch ''metten bene'' “with the leg”, a byname in Ghent.^(EWN)^(VMNW)

+ * 1236 – ''Met sinen lettren'' “by his charter”, for the means.^(EWN)

+ * 1265 – ''Met'' as an adverb, “also, besides”.^(VMNW)

+ * 1905 – The Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal records ''samen met'' “together with”.^(WNT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|with]], in the company of: ''Ze gaat met haar zus op vakantie.''^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Plus, adding: ''tot en met'' “up to and including”.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Of taking part or agreeing: ''Ik ben het met je eens.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Of mixing: ''koffie met melk''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Of a mutual action: ''Ze trouwde met een leraar.''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Having, provided with: ''een huis met een tuin''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # Of manner or an accompanying circumstance: ''met plezier''.^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # By means of, using: ''met de trein''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # At the same time as, at a [[feestdag|alt=festival]]: ''met Kerstmis''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Concerning, as for: ''Hoe is het met je moeder?''^(Van Dale 2014)

+ # ''(telephone)'' Used to answer a call, followed by one's name.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[meteen]]

+ * [[metterdaad]]

+ * [[mettertijd]]

+ * [[metterwoon]]

+ * [[temet]]

+ * [[mitsgaders]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mede]]

+ * [[mee]]

+ * [[midden]]

+ * [[de|mit]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Two minor words share the spelling.^(WNT)^(VMNW) ''Met'' “minced pork”, a regional word of the eastern Netherlands (Veluwe, Achterhoek), continues Middle Dutch ''met'' “food” and survives in [[metworst]]; it is related to English ''meat'' and was borrowed into German as ''Mett''.^(Van Dale 2014)^(WNT)^(Weijnen 2003)^(Wiktionary) ''Met'' “a land measure”, the same as [[gemet]], was used mainly in Zeeland and is recorded from 1240.^(VMNW)^(MNW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}