universe Latin · revision 37038

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la ūniversus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [uː.nɪˈwɛr.seː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [u.niˈvɛr.se]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūniversē''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ūniversus|-ē|t1=all together, whole]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) That adjective is formed from [[m|la|ūnus|t=one]] and the participle of [[m|la|vertō|t=to turn]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan cites the Old Latin plural ⟨oiniuorsei⟩ in the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus and traces the numeral to [[itc-pro|*oino-]] and [[ine-pro|*Hoi-no-|t=one]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler finds it first in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Verrines'' asks why he should speak of the other punishments of Roman citizens one by one rather than by class and in general (''singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe'').^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In a letter to Atticus Cicero writes that he gave the rest as general instructions, and one thing specifically (''cetera universe mandavi, illud proprie'').^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Vitruvius uses it of the proportion of the parts of a work taken separately and as a whole,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) the jurist Javolenus in the ''Digest'' of a whole sum,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Gellius has it too.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of speaking in general terms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a work as a whole.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * second half of the 1st century AD – Javolenus uses it in a legal opinion preserved in the ''Digest''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In general terms, [[m|en|generally]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # In respect of the [[m|en|whole]], as a whole.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ūniversitās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}