horologium Latin · revision 37020

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=grc ὡρολόγιον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hoː.rɔˈɫɔ.ɡi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [o.roˈlɔː.d͡ʒi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hōrologium''' ''n'' (genitive hōrologiī or hōrologī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions also spell it ''horilegium'', ''horolegium'' and ''orlogium''.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ὡρολόγιον|tr=hōrológion|t=instrument telling the hour]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) The Greek word is formed from [[m|grc|ὥρα|tr=hṓra|t=season, hour]] and [[m|grc|λέγω|tr=légō|t=to say, tell]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and Georges record it first in Varro's ''On Agriculture'',^(Köbler 2010)^(Georges 1913) and it occurs in Cicero's letters;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) it is an instrument showing the time, either a [[m|en|sundial]] or a [[m|en|water clock]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Vitruvius describes the different kinds at length,^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) distinguishing the water clock (''horologium ex aqua'') from the sundial, which Pliny the Elder calls ''horologium solarium''.^(Georges 1913) Seneca and Petronius also use it,^(Conte 2010) and Cassiodorus says that he has provided one worked by the light of the sun.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it meant a clock and also a clock tower;^(Niermeyer 1976) British sources use it for the sundial, the water clock and the hourglass.^(DMLBS) Bede uses it of the sundial.^(DMLBS) A British record under 1373 states that clocks dividing the day into twenty-four hours were first made that year.^(DMLBS) In New Latin it is a clock or watch.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero mentions one in a letter.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius describes water clocks and sundials.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * AD 218 – An inscription in Germany spells it ''horolegium''.^(TLL)

+ * c. 485–c. 580 AD – Cassiodorus mentions a sundial he provided.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1373 – A British record notes the first clocks marking twenty-four hours.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An instrument for showing the time: a [[m|en|sundial]] or a [[m|en|water clock]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|clock]]; an [[m|en|hourglass]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A clock tower.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' A clock, [[m|en|watch]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hōrologiārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hora|alt=hōra]]

+ * [[clepsydra]]

+ * [[solarium#1|alt=sōlārium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}